Chemistry Chapter 2 Matter and Change

SECTION 2.1 Matter and its Properties

Matter: Composition/ Arrangement Mass: a measure of the amount of _______________ Matter: anything that has _____ (weight) and takes up _______ (volume) The Basic Building Blocks of Matter: Atom: smallest ____________________ that maintains the properties of that element

Matter: Properties ___________________: properties that depend on how much you have e.g. Volume, Mass ___________________: do not depend on how much you have e.g. Density, boiling pt, conductivity, color, odor, luster, conductivity

Matter: States of… : has definite Volume and Shape : has definite Volume, but no definite shape : has no definite Volume or definite Shape

Matter: Physical Property characteristic that can ____________________without changing the identity of the substance _________________: - changes that do not affect the identity of the substance e.g. melting (from solid  liquid) boiling (from liquid  gas) tearing a piece of paper

SECTION 2.4 Chemical Reaction

Matter: : - A chemicals ability to undergo changes that transform it into one or more different chemicals e.g. Iron can combine with Oxygen to form Rust Chemical Change/Reaction: When one or more substances are converted into different substances Substances that react are called ____________ Substances that are formed are called ______________ i.e. Sugar (burning)  Carbon & Water Vapor reactants  products

Mixtures

- a physical blend of _________________kinds of matter, each of which retains its own properties / identities. e.g. Salt & Sugar mixed together 2 Types: 1.___________________: the component substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture. The composition is uniform. e.g. any solution, like Salt/Sugar dissolved in Water 2. ___________________: the components are unevenly distributed with a non-uniform composition. e.g. Sand in Water (or mud), granite, ceasar dressing. What about milk? Hetero/Homogeneous?

Separation of Mixtures: __________: separates solids from liquids - e.g. coffee grounds, tea leaves ______________: separates liquids from liquids, or liquids from dissolved solids - e.g. “Moonshine” - alcohol from water - e.g. water from a KoolAid ® drink ____________: Magnetic from non magnetic solids - e.g. Magnetite from beach sand ________________: separates different density liquids/solids - e.g. blood

If something is not a mixture it is a pure substance

Pure Substance: (not a mixture) - homogeneous (even throughout) and has fixed composition - Every part has the same _________________ - A substance can be written as a ___________ ** Can be Elements or Compounds e.g. Sugar - every part of the sample tastes the same - every part is made up of C 12 H 22 O 11

Pure Substance: Water consists of elements combined in _____________ proportions. Homogeneous Mixture: is a mixture in which the composition is ____________ throughout Heterogeneous Mixture: a mixture in which the composition is _____uniform throughout

Elements : pure ___________ that ________ be decomposed (broken down) by a chemical change. the building blocks of matter. There are _______naturally occurring elements in the universe; and 10 artificial radioactive elements. The elements are arranged in a manner called “the Periodic Table” that is accepted around the world The 18 vertical columns are called _______ (or _______). The 7 horizontal rows are called ____________.

Periodic Table:

Metals make up ¾ of the Table Good conductors of ___________ able to be made into flat sheets (___________) able to be stretched into wire (_______) grayish luster (except which two?) Non-Metals make up ¼ of the Table. very brittle (________________________) Poor conductor of heat/electricity Nobel Gases: group 18. This family is extremely stable (___________) so it took a long time to prove they existed.

Not all pure substances are elements… __________: pure substance made up of only one kind of atom. Oxygen (O 2 ) Diamond (Carbon) ___________: pure substance that is made from the atoms of 2 or more elements that are chemically bonded / combined.  Water (H 2 O) Salt (NaCl) 