Ottoman & Mughal Empires

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Presentation transcript:

Ottoman & Mughal Empires

Essential Questions How did the Ottomans get their name? What is the Millet System? Who are Janissaries? What leader challenged the Ottomans expansion? What was the new name for the Ottoman capital? Why would the Ottoman Empire decline?

1200’s Osman- would fight the Byzantines and have success. Rise of the Ottoman Ghazis- 1st Ottomans were Turkish soldiers or warriors for Islam. Escaped the Mongols 1200’s Osman- would fight the Byzantines and have success. Osman’s tribe= Ottoman’s

The Ottoman Bureaucracy SULTAN Divans Social / Military Divans Heads of Individual Religious Millets Muslims Jews Local Administrators & Military Christians Landowners / Tax Collectors

Government & Society Society 2 main groups- rulers and society Reaya- “Protected Flock” masses of ordinary subjects. Millet system- group of different religious communities. Each could operate under its own law and customs. Courts and collected taxes Education, health, and safety of its members

Army and Challenges Janissaries- Highly trained slave troops. War captive European soldiers. Schooled and converted to Islam Gained power & served the Sultan

Left Picture-Siege of Rhodes in 1522. Right Picture- Picture of new soldiers.

Challenges Turko-Mongol leader Timur slowed expansion Timur claimed he was a descendent of Genghis Khan. Strong military leader who would capture the sultan and for his return gain territory for all ghazi leaders.

Recovery and Expansion of the Empire Timur- caused a civil war in the Ottoman Empire. People were arguing over who should be the next Sultan. What is the importance of a Civil War? Murad II took over in 1444 and defeated the last of the crusaders. Mehmed II would expand the empire and take over Constantinople in 1453 and rename it Istanbul became the Ottoman capital.

Mehmed II

The Ottoman Capital Constantinople

Suleyman “The Magnificent” 1520-1566 Suleyman’s Signature

Ottoman Empire 1300-1699

Decline Expands Empire to Vienna. Suleyman dies in 1566. Slow decline Military weakens European rulers take over land Economy Starts to struggle Lose silk and spice trade Sultans lose power and respect Government Corruption Failed military revisions Weak Sultans

Mughal Empire Controlled the area of present day India Rose to power when RAJPUTS (warrior princes) challenged the Turkish rulers of the area Babur led the Mughal Empire and established its dominance

The growth of power Akbar became the greatest of Mughal rulers Ruled at the age of 13 from 1556 to 1605 Improved the tax system Taxes were based off of what a village could produce over a 10 year period He tolerated all religions Repealed any taxes non-Muslims once had to pay

Taj Mahal Built by Shah Jahan Built for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal He ruled from 1628-1658 Built for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal The Taj Mahal is her tomb

Sikh A new religion formed out of Hindu and Muslim cultures Devotion to one God No idols Less rigid social system Became militant – Often fighting the Mughal Empire and Muslim Empires