1 Web 2.0 and Grids for Scholarly Research Peking University July Geoffrey Fox Computer Science, Informatics, Physics Pervasive Technology Laboratories Indiana University Bloomington IN

2 Application Drivers Science Informatics for document analysis as in case of chemistry which has very precise naming rules for compounds that allow accurate searches in documents Suggesting how to tag scientific documents either when writing it or after the fact Journal web site of the future as illustrated by Nature building social bookmarking tool Connotea Conference support tools as can benefit from features needed by journals This gives document enhanced Cyberinfrastructure (CI)

Community Tools and list-serves are oldest and best used Kazaa, Instant Messengers, Skype, Napster, BitTorrent for P2P Collaboration – text, audio-video conferencing, files del.icio.us, Connotea, Citeulike, Bibsonomy, Biolicious manage shared bookmarks MySpace, Bebo, Hotornot, Facebook, or similar sites allow you to create (upload) community resources and share them; Friendster, LinkedIn create networks Writely, Wikis and Blogs are powerful specialized shared document systems ConferenceXP and WebEx share general applications Google Scholar tells you who has cited your papers while publisher sites tell you about co-authors Windows Live Academic Search has similar goals Note sharing resources creates (implicit) communities Social network tools study graphs to both define communities and extract their properties

How to use Web2.0 Community tools in CI Nearly all of them have “profiles”, “users”, “groups”, “friends” etc. Need to integrate these P2P File Sharing: Maybe this is useful for sharing files in research groups (virtual organizations) Will modify Maze – popular Chinese social P2P system with 2.5 million usershttp://maze.pku.edu.cn BitTorrent: more popular than FTP – why not use for higher performance fault tolerant cached file sharing? MySpace etc.: Could consider MyGridSpace or MyScienceSpace that supports a similar document sharing model with users uploading pictures, papers and even data/services of interest Could include uploaded material in workflows Social Bookmarking and linking: discuss later

5 Existing User Interface Document-enhanced Cyberinfrastructure etc. Google Scholar Manuscript Central Science.gov Windows Live Academic Search Citeseer CMT Conference Management Existing Document based Research Tools Web service Wrappers New Document-enhanced Research Tools Integration/ Enhancement User Interface Community Tools Generic Document Tools MyResearch Database Bibliographic Database Export: RSS, Bibtex Endnote etc. CiteULike Connotea Del.icio.us Bibsonomy Biolicious PubChem PubMed Traditional Cyberinfrastructure

Strategy Doesn’t seem useful to build the 251 st community tool In fact a major barrier to use of existing tools is What happens when a better tool comes along and/or chosen tool disappears (unsupported/removed from Web) So assume use existing tools but wrap them all as web services so can transfer information to new tools and integrate information between tools Need some “glue” logic, a “unification” database and minimal user interface Bookmarking tools: del.icio.us, Connotea, CiteULike (includes plug-ins to major publisher sites) Document: Google Scholar, Windows Live, Citeseer tools, OSCAR3 for Chemistry, Science.gov (later) Journals: Manuscript Central Conferences: CMT from Microsoft or ?

7 Delicious Semantic Web/Grid purchased by Yahoo for ~$30M (Nature) Associate metadata with Bookmarks specified by URL’s, DOI’s (Digital Object Identifiers) Users add comments and keywords (called tags) Users are linked together into groups (communities) Information such as title and authors extracted automatically from some sites (PubMed, ACM, IEEE, Wiley etc.) Bibtex like additional information in CiteULike This is perhaps de facto Semantic Web – remarkable for its simplicity

8 Connotea

9 Connotea queried by SERVOGrid

10 Document-enhanced Cyberinfrastructure aka Semantic Scholar Grid I Citeseer and Google Scholar scour the Internet and analyze documents for incidental metadata Title, author and institution of documents Citations with their own metadata allowing one to match to other documents Science.gov extracts metadata from lots of US Government databases These capabilities are sure to become more powerful and to be extended Give “Citation Index” in real time Tell you all authors of all papers that cite a paper that cites you etc. (Note it’s a small world so don’t go too far in link analysis) Tell you all citations of all papers in a workshop

11 Document-enhanced Cyberinfrastructure aka Semantic Scholar Grid II It is natural to develop core document Services such as those used in Citeseer/Google Scholar but applied to “your” documents of interest that may not have been processed yet As just submitted to a conference perhaps These tools can help form useful lists such as authors of all cited or submitted papers to a journal OSCAR2/3 (from Peter Murray-Rust’s group at Cambridge) augment the application independent “core” metadata (Title, authors, institutions, Citations) with a list of all chemical terms This tool is a Service that can be applied to “your” document or to a set of documents harvested in some fashion Other fields have natural application specific metadata and OSCAR like tools can be developed for them Such high value tools could appear on “publisher” sites of future (or else publishers will disappear)

12 OSCAR3 Service from Cambridge UK Oscar3 is a tool for shallow, chemistry-specific natural language parsing of chemical documents (i.e. journal articles). It identifies (or attempts to identify):  Chemical names: singular nouns, plurals, verbs etc., also formulae and acronyms.  Chemical data: Spectra, melting/boiling point, yield etc. in experimental sections.  Other entities: Things like N(5)-C(3) and so on. Uses SMILES, InChI and CML There is a larger effort, SciBorg, in this area 

13 OSCAR2 Chemistry Document analysis It detects “magic” chemical strings in text and then Stores them as metadata associated with document Queries ChemInformatics repositories to tell you lots of information about identified compounds Tells you which other documents have this compound

Clustering Documents from chemical properties

15 Provenance and Delicious CI We can use del.icio.us style interface to annotate Application Data with (extra) provenance and user comments of any type (describing quality of data or a keyword relating different data etc.) All data should be labeled by a URI to enable this One has in addition Citeseer/OSCAR metadata Current major tagging systems support flat list of tags without name=value (RDF triple) or schema organization Tradeoff between features and pervasive deployment Some extra features are easy to add as a custom service Features not supported by del.icio.us can be uploaded as comments

16 Current Status Google Scholar, Windows Live Academic Search, del.icio.us, Connotea, CiteULike, OSCAR3 are Web Services Debugging on 500 presentations and papers from my CGL research group Experiment with GGF Presentations, Broad collection of Chemical Informatics resources (explore science document CI link) and Concurrency&Computation: Practice&Experience Web site (?business model for journals)