The Indians came from Asia In the stone age

The plains Indians (In the middle West)

The quest for land had started well. Indians helped the Pilgrim Fathers survive their first winter. The Indian generosity is still celebrated on Thanksgiving Day

The whites offered Indians presents In order to buy their confidence

Even though they couldn’t have survived their first winter without them,the whites considered and presented the Native Americans as bloodthirsty savages and pagans who had no cultural heritage, while in reality they had a lot of traditions …..

They saw God (Wakan Tanka) In all the elements of nature They lived close to nature sun moon trees

The bear dance,which was said to bring luck

The sweat lodge To get rid of the toxins in the body For purification

The sun dance To atone for their sins

TEPEES CLOTHES TOOLS FOOD BOWS AND ARROWS THEY DEPENDED ON THE BUFFALO TO LIVE THEY NEEDED THE BUFFALO TO LIVE

Sitting Bull Chief Joseph Geronimo Crazy Horse

Little Big HornCuster was annihilated Indian victory

The Arapaho, Cheyenne, and Sioux tribes battled against the settlers' encroachment on their territory in the 1860s and 1870s; this fighting was of a special ferocity on both sides. Among all the battles, the Battle of Little Bighorn gained mythic status: on June 25, 1876, much of the 7th Cavalry Regiment under Lt. Col. George A. Custer was wiped out by a combined force of Sioux and Cheyenne under Sioux chiefs, Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. Within a year, however, most of the Sioux and Cheyenne surrendered, General Custer

Wounded Knee

Other Native Americans fought on—Chief Joseph and the Nez Percé in the late 1870s, Geronimo and the Apaches as late as the 1880s. The Indian wars ended with the massacre at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, on December 29, 1890, when Sioux warriors, women, and children were slaughtered by the US cavalry.

Indians were shut up in reservations and ruled by the Bureau of Indian Affairs

How were Indians shown in westerns? Bloodthirsty savages Faithless pagans Barbarians

Dustin Hoffman Little big man LITTLE BIG HORN Indian victory 1868 DANCES WITH WOLVES KEVIN COSTNER PURPOSE: TO REHABILITATE THE INDIAN PEOPLE

Massacre of the Washita river integrated an Indian tribe A white boy who

Lieutenant John Dunbar Kicking Bird

Smoke signals Sherman Alexie (Phoenix Arizona)

Victor Joseph is a young Native American in his late teens who lives on a reservation. His father drank, beat him occasionally, and left home when Victor Joseph was eight. As the film begins, word comes that the father has died. With another boy from the reservation Victor Joseph journeys to Phoenix to retrieve his father's ashes and his truck. On the trip Victor Joseph learns about the life his father lead and comes to terms with his own identity. "Smoke Signals" is said to be the first film that was written, directed and co-produced by Native Americans.

From reservation Indians to American citizens 1924 They were granted American citizenship They were allowed to leave the reservations 1934 President Roosevelt promised a New Deal He tried to end land-splitting, to re-establish tribal council, and to reaffirm t he Indian culture 1948 Voting Rights From 1954 to 1970, they were encouraged to leave the reservations But it was often difficult to adapt.

The rainbow coalition All minorities together A.I.M. Alcatraz The fight Worked for a unification of all tribes

Sioux reservation Navajo reservation

A Pow Wow In a Navajo reservation

Sioux deerskin shirt

In some reservations : unemployment,poverty, alcoholism

Indian Casino On the « rez »

Today Native Americans still fight to have a better life, better opportunities on reservations, Better professional training and health care. They keep fighting for their rights