Lecture Title Lecturer Name year Subject Name Code

1. Research purpose Outline Definition of research purpose Importance of research purpose Qualities of specific purpose

Definition and importance It is a description of what is to be achieved by the study. It summarizes the overall study goal It identifies the key study variables and their possible interrelationships, as well as identifies the the study group or population.

Qualities of Research purposes Research purpose should be SMART: Specific: Addressing one thing only Measurable: Use proper verbs (Determine, compare, Identify, evaluate, demonstrate, describe) Attainable: given the resources available Realistic: given the local conditions Time bound: can be achieved in the given time

Examples - The purpose of this study is to determine the factors associated with increased number of diarrhea cases among under fives in X village - The purpose of this study was to determine whether viewing a video of an actual pediatric inhalation induction would reduce the level of parental anxiety

Outline Definition and types of variables Research questions Research hypothesis 2. Research Hypothesis & questions

7 Variables Variable is “any possession of a person, thing, event, setting, and so on that is not fixed.” Types 1. Independent Variable (presumed cause) 2. Dependent Variable (presumed effect)

8 Variables – The Independent Variable: This Is The Variable That Determines, Influences, Or Produces The Change In The Other Main Variable – The Dependent variable: This variable is dependent on or influenced by th4e independent variable(s)

Research question definition It is an interrogative statement that direct interpretations of research purpose. It is the specific inquiry researchers want to answer in addressing the research problem.

1.F – Feasible 2.I – Interesting 3.N – Novel 4.E – Ethical 5.R – Relevant Using FINER, you should be able identify or frame an actual research question.

Types of questions Types of Questions Descriptive questions Correlation questions

Descriptive research questions Focused on describing characteristics of a population. Examples: What is the main factor for social media addiction among teenagers? What percentage of women breastfeed their infants?

Correlation research question Focused on asking questions about relationships between variables Normally looks at associative statistics Examples: Are teenagers who spend more time on social media spending less time on studies?

Research hypothesis

Definition of Hypothesis It is a prediction about the relationship between two or more variables It is a declarative statements Remember…you are always testing to see if the Independent Variable has an effect on the Dependent Variable.

Types of Hypotheses Alternative hypotheses Null hypotheses are statements of expected relationships between variables

Types of Hypotheses Null hypotheses (statistical hypotheses) They state that there is no relationship between the independent and dependent variables. For examples, patients’ age is unrelated to their risk of falling

Types of Hypotheses Alternative hypotheses (research hypotheses) They are statements of expected relationships between variables Ex. Younger patients tend to be less at risk of a fall than older patients The risk of falling increases with the age of the patient

Characteristics of a good hypothesis 1.Testable 2.Logical 3.Hypotheses should be expressed in the present tense. 4.States relationship between variables A hypothesis is composed of an independent variable (cause) and a dependent variable (effect)

Examples of research study The research title The effect of using simulation based learning versus traditional learning on nursing students' clinical performance of respiratory system assessment

Examples of research study The research purpose This study aimed to compare the effect of using simulation based learning versus traditional learning on nursing students' clinical performance regarding respiratory system assessment.

Examples of research study Research hypotheses 1.Students who attend simulation based learning exhibit a higher score in knowledge test than those who attend traditional learning. 2.Students who attend simulation based learning exhibit a higher performance score of respiratory assessment than those who attend traditional learning.