Chapter 9, Section 4 The War of 1812

War Begins The American army was unprepared for war, with few troops and minimal leadership. The American army was unprepared for war, with few troops and minimal leadership. The American army had underestimated the Native Americans and their allies. The American army had underestimated the Native Americans and their allies. General William Hull was defeated at Detroit, which is what began the war. General William Hull was defeated at Detroit, which is what began the war.

Naval Battles Oliver Hazard Perry, commander of the Lake Erie Naval Forces, defeated the British in a bloody battle. Oliver Hazard Perry, commander of the Lake Erie Naval Forces, defeated the British in a bloody battle. William Henry Harrison defeated the British and the Native Americans in the Battle of the Thames, where Tecumseh was killed. William Henry Harrison defeated the British and the Native Americans in the Battle of the Thames, where Tecumseh was killed. The Constitution, an American frigate, destroyed two British vessels The Constitution, an American frigate, destroyed two British vessels

Setbacks for Native Americans With Tecumseh’s death, hopes for a Native American confederacy died With Tecumseh’s death, hopes for a Native American confederacy died In 1814, Andrew Jackson attacked the Creeks in the Mississippi territory In 1814, Andrew Jackson attacked the Creeks in the Mississippi territory In the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, more than 550 Creeks were slaughtered and they were forced to give up most of their land to the United States In the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, more than 550 Creeks were slaughtered and they were forced to give up most of their land to the United States

Attack on Washington D.C. In August of 1814, the British marched into D.C. and planned to burn and destroy every building In August of 1814, the British marched into D.C. and planned to burn and destroy every building The Capitol and the president’s mansion were among the building burned The Capitol and the president’s mansion were among the building burned Dolley Madison, James’s wife, saved many important artifacts from the mansion as possible, including a painting of George Washington Dolley Madison, James’s wife, saved many important artifacts from the mansion as possible, including a painting of George Washington

Baltimore Holds Firm The British did not try to hold Washington, but instead moved forward to capture Baltimore The British did not try to hold Washington, but instead moved forward to capture Baltimore The American troops were ready and defended Baltimore with a ferocious bombardment from Fort McHenry in the harbor The American troops were ready and defended Baltimore with a ferocious bombardment from Fort McHenry in the harbor This is where Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner This is where Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner

Defeat at Plattsburgh General Sir George Prevost led more than 10,000 British troops to capture Plattsburg General Sir George Prevost led more than 10,000 British troops to capture Plattsburg The American naval force on Lake Champlain defeated the British fleet, stopping the invasion The American naval force on Lake Champlain defeated the British fleet, stopping the invasion The British decided after this defeat that war with America would be too costly and was not worth the effort The British decided after this defeat that war with America would be too costly and was not worth the effort

The War Ends The Treaty of Ghent did not change any existing borders or mention the impressment of sailors The Treaty of Ghent did not change any existing borders or mention the impressment of sailors Before news of the treaty reached the US, the Battle of New Orleans occurred, because the mail was so slow Before news of the treaty reached the US, the Battle of New Orleans occurred, because the mail was so slow Andrew Jackson won the battle and became a war hero for it Andrew Jackson won the battle and became a war hero for it

American Nationalism Many New England Federalists came together at the Hartford Convention, where they drew up proposed amendments to the Constitution Many New England Federalists came together at the Hartford Convention, where they drew up proposed amendments to the Constitution Once the country found out about the treaty, the Federalists proposal appeared unpatriotic and they lost respect Once the country found out about the treaty, the Federalists proposal appeared unpatriotic and they lost respect As a result of the War of 1812, Americans felt a sense of patriotism and a strong, national identity As a result of the War of 1812, Americans felt a sense of patriotism and a strong, national identity