Abolitionist  A person who strongly favors during away with slavery Adams, Samuel  Started an organization called the Sons of Liberty Amendment  An addition to a formal document such as the Constitution Anthony, Susan B.  Organized the country’s first women’s temperance association

Boston Massacre  March 5, 1770, angry towns people moved through the streets of Boston. That angered the British soldiers and they fired and killed 5 colonist. Blockade  Cut off area by means of troops or warships to stop supplies or people from coming in or going out; to close off cities ports Bessemer Process  Used blasts of cold air to burn off impurities from heated iron Bill of Rights, English  Provided an important model for the American Bill of Rights

Canal  An artificial waterway Cash Crop  Farm crop raised to be sold for money Census  Official count of a population Cotton Gin  A machine that removed seeds from cotton fiber

Drought  Long period of time with little rainfall Daughter of Liberty  Urged Americans to wear there own goods Declaration of Independence  A document Thomas Jefferson wrote to declare there independence from Great Britain Dix, Dorthea  Educated the public about poor conditions of the mentally ill and the prisoners

Electoral College  A special group of voters selected by their states voters to vote for the president and vice president Enlightenment  Movement during the 1700’s that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society Emancipate  To free from slavery Executive Branch  The branch of government, headed by the president, that carries out the nation’s law and policies

Fort Sumter  First battle of the civil War Franklin, Benjamin  an inventor and author, helped write the Declaration of Independence French and Indian War  War in America in which French and its Indian allies opposed England ( ) French Revolution  In 1789, overthrew the monarchy of the Bourbons and the Napoleons overthrow of the Directory and seized the power in 1799

Guerrilla Warfare  A hit and run technique used in fighting a war Gold Rush  A large scale and hasty movement of people to a region where gold has been discovered, in California in 1849 Guerrilla Tactics  Referring to surprise attacks of raids rather than organized warfare Grant, Ulysses S.  18 th president of the United States : Union general in the Civil War

Human Rights  Fundamental rights that belong to an individual Hamilton, Alexander  The 1 st Secretary of the Treasury ( ) Henry, Patrick American patriot House of Burgesses  Assembly of representation colonial Virginia

Implied Powers  Powers not specifically mentioned in the Constitution Interchangeably Parts  Uniform pieces that can be made in large quantities to replace other identical parts Industrial Revolution  The change from a agrarian society to one based on industry which began in Great Britain and spread to the United States around 1800 Internal Improvements  Federal projects such as canals and roads, to develop the nations transportation system

Jackson, Andrew  U.S. general; 7 th president of the United States ( ) Judicial Review  The right of the Supreme Court to determine if the law violates the Constitution Jay, John  1 st Chief Justice of the U.S.( ) Jefferson, Thomas  United States diplomat, architect, and author; 3 rd president of the United States

Knox, Henry  American Revolutionary general; 1 st U.S. Secretary of War ( ) Keelboat  Shallow freight boat, that has keel to permit sailing in the wind Kansas-Nebraska Act  An act of Congress in 1854 annulling the Missouri Compromise

Loyalist  American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence Legislative Branch  The branch of government that makes the nation’s laws Laissez-Faire  A policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nations economy Log Cabin Campaign  Name given to William Henry Harrison’s campaign for the presidency in 1840

Manifest Destiny  The in popular in the U.S. during the 1800’s that the country must expand its boundaries if the Pacific Mayflower Compact  A formal document, written in 1620, that provided law and order to the Plymouth colony Marshall, John  United States general; Secretary of State ( ) Minutemen  Companies of civilian soldiers that say they were ready to fight at a minutes notice

Neutral Rights  The right to sail the seas and not take sides n war Northwest Passage  Water route to Asia through North America sought by European explores National Debt  The amount of money a government owes to other government or its people Neutral  Taking no side in ac onflict

Oregon Trail  A route used during the U.S. westward migration ( ) Olive Branch Petition  Petition that assured the king of the colonists desire for peace Oklahoma Territory  The land that Congress set aside for Indians Ordinance  A law or regulation

Patriots  American colonist who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won