The Influence of Neighboring Cultures on Japan Chapter 20 Created by, Mr. Goldstein Modified by, Mr. Amster

Table of Contents Objectives Geography Challenge Some Key Vocabulary Reading the Chapter More Key Vocabulary Reading Notes Re-Building Nara Study Guide Notes

Objectives for this unit Work on note taking skills Do your best and forget the rest You must take notes, but do not worry they will be posted to Edline later. This does not excuse you from taking the notes. It is a skill you will need for the rest of your lives.

Agenda Introduce New Unit: Japan! Read: Setting the Stage (pg 216) Some Key Vocabulary Geography Challenge Row 1 – Start at Question #1 Row 2 – Start at Question #3 Row 3/4 – Start at Question #6 HW: Finish your Geography Challenge IW: Create a BIG Venn diagram comparing the Geography of Japan and China MINI-TEST MONDAY

Some Key Vocabulary Elements of Culture – objects, ideas, and customs of a particular culture. Cultural Diffusion – the spread of cultural elements from one society to another. Regent – one who rules in the name of another. Uji – chief of a clan. Imperial – belonging or related to an emperor. Shinto – the original religion of Japan. It expresses the love and respect of the Japanese for nature and the culture. Meditation – a spiritual discipline that involves deep relaxation and an emptying of distracting thoughts from the mind. Syllable – a unit of sound in a word. For example, unit has syllables, “u” and “nit.” Pagoda – a tower shaped structure with several stories and roofs.

Let’s Get Activated What did the surrounding seas provide Japan? Where more people live in Japan? Why

Agenda Activator Go Over Geography Challenge More Key Vocabulary Hand in afterwards More Key Vocabulary Read 20.1 – 20.11 (pg 219 – 227) TWICE Take notes on each section that identifies the main point and two key facts. HW: Finish Reading and Taking Notes Create note cards for all of the vocabulary

More Key Vocabulary Prince Shotoku – Regent under Empress Suiko, who came to power in 593 CE. Helped to create a centralized government. Borrowed ideas from China. Sheng (China)/Sho (Japan) – Wind Instrument. Tanka – A Japanese form of poetry. 31 syllables, divided into five lines of 5, 7, 5, 7, and 7 syllables. Stupa – Featured shrines Kami – Worship spirits in the Shinto religion. Represented by natural objects such as wind, lightning, rivers, mountains, waterfalls, large trees, and unusual stones. Kanji – Chinese Writing Kana – “Borrowed letters,” or simplifying Chinese characters to stand for syllables. Mahayana Buddhism – “Greater Vehicle.” A form of Buddhism with core beliefs that state that all people can enter nirvana (somewhat like heaven). Nara – Capital city of Japan starting in 710 CE. ~8 sq miles and had no more than 200,000 people

Let’s Get Activated Match the Main Point to the Key Fact Influence from India, China, and Korea Government City Design Religion Language Poetry Art/Sculpture Architecture Music Gagaku Circle of Life, Shinto Preferred using wood Cultural Diffusion 3, 5, 7, 9 Checkerboard pattern Devoted to love and nature 17th Article Constitution Ancient Japanese is only spoken

Agenda Activator Basic Meditation Play Matching Game Fill in your reading notes If you finish early Read Quietly HW: Finish your reading notes

Steps to Meditation Sit and Stand (next to your desk) in a comfortable position Make sure you have good posture. Straighten your back. Rest your hands in a comfortable position Clear your mind of all excess thoughts, just think about your best memory (focus on one thought/goal). Breath slowly and quietly MOST IMPORTANTLY: Relax and Let Go

Let’s Get Activated Tanka Kanji Kana Meditation Uji Stupa

Agenda Activator Hand in your Reading Notes (37,38 STAPLED!) Work in groups of 3 on Assessment 10 Names must be on the top right Individually: fill in Assessment 9 HW: Finish Assessment 9

Re-Building Nara (Assessment 10) Pretend you are part of Japan’s Chamber of Commerce and have been asked to create a map and travel guide for visitors about the new Japanese capital of Nara. Plan and sketch your guide. Your guide must mention how neighboring cultures influenced the way the city looks. Your map must include Colorful Map Key and Compass (IF DOING A GUIDE) The neighboring countries that influenced the building of Nara. The layout of the city (Check Chapter 20 for hints). Important religious buildings. Include residential areas and political building Include CURRENT EVENTS that might be going on your Nara. (Creativity + Accuracy = Higher Score) Graded based on Book Accuracy, Creativity, Details, and Neatness

Let’s Get Activated Prince Shotoku Sheng/Sho Mahayana Buddhism Nara Shinto/Kami Pagoda

Agenda Activator Hand in your Assessment 9 Watching the PowerPoint and Note Taking! Extra Time: Finish Assessment 10 or Review HW: Finish Study Guide for Homework (It is on Edline) Study for Test Monday

Who influenced Japan? China Korea India India

What is culture? Culture is the way of life for a group of people. Elements of Culture: Religion Food Music Literature Art Government

How does culture spread? Cultural Diffusion The spread of cultural elements from one society to another.

Overview Japan was influenced in: Government City Design Religion Writing Literature Sculpture Architecture Music

Prince Shotoku Leader of Japan in late 500’s Supported Cultural Diffusion Allowed visitors from neighbors Sent officials to China Result: Japan’s culture became a mix of foreign and domestic (from home) ideas.

Pop Quiz How much influence did China, India and Korea have on Japan? A) None B) A Little C) A Lot D) Japan was a carbon copy of China

Influence on Government Adopted Meritocracy from China. Used Confucian ranks 17 Article Constitution Emperor is supreme ruler Taika Reforms Emperor controls all lands Uji lost control of clans Difference: Aristocracy used over merit!

Influence on City Design Capital city of Nara Similar to Chang’an Checkerboard pattern Wide boulevards Imperial palaces surrounded by Buddhist temples Differences: Smaller No Wall

Pop Quiz In what way did Japan reject the Chinese style of government? A) Nobles remained in control. B) Scholars had to take an exam. C) The Emperor choose the best candidates. D) Foreigners were promoted.

Japan’s Religion: Shinto Love & respect for nature Belief in spirits = Kami Wind Mountains Purify unclean Disease Celebrate life & nature’s beauty

Influence on Religion Buddhism Began in India in 500’s Siddhartha Gautama “Buddha” Circle of rebirth Follow Eightfold Path Mediation Seek Enlightenment Reach Nirvana State of Peace with the Universe

Buddhism Spreads to Japan Mahayana Buddhism All people can reach Nirvana Bodhisattvas Reach Enlightenment Help others reach Nirvana Blended with Shinto Shinto = Joyful Buddhism = Suffering

Pop Quiz How did Japan remain focused on nature? A) Bonsai trees were made the official plant. B) Shinto was combined with Buddhism. C) Mahayana called for Bodhisattvas. D) All shrines would have an “eco-friendly” domed roof.

Influence on Writing Japanese has no written language Used Chinese Characters Kanji: Symbolize Japanese words Does not sound correct Kana: Symbolize Japanese syllables Spell out the correct sounds

Influence on Literature Poetry called Tanka Modeled from Chinese Syllable Count 5,7,5,7,7 About love & nature

Influence on Sculpture Inspired by Buddhism Borrowed ideas from Asia India = Stone Korea = Bronze Japanese used Wood

Pop Quiz Which Japanese word means “borrowed letters” referring to simplified Chinese characters that were used to represent Japanese syllables. A) Kami B) Kanji C) Kana D) Kamikaze

Influence on Architecture Temple designs India = Stupa Bell shaped roof China/Japan = Pagoda Curved roof, many stories Tower-like

Influence on Music Early Japanese Music Chanted poems, war & folk songs, prayers Few notes String, flute & percussion instruments Gagaku comes from China! New instruments like the Sheng Called Sho by Japanese Organ that imitated Phoenix call

Pop Quiz What is the purpose of a pagoda? A) Home B) Business C) Temple D) Government Office

Questions?

Agenda Review Optional Meditation Mini Test HW: Reading Chapter 21