The Basis of Cellular Inheritance

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Presentation transcript:

The Basis of Cellular Inheritance Chapter 9 Part 1

Vocabulary Clarification

Human Karyotype XX = Female XY = Male HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES: carry the same genetic info, one copy is from Mom and one copy is from Dad

Diploid vs. Haploid Diploid cells (2n) have 2 sets of chromosomes (almost all cells in the human body) Haploid cells (n) have one set of chromosomes (gametes or sex cells)

The Cell Cycle

INTERPHASE

Phases of Mitosis: PROPHASE

Phases of Mitosis: METAPHASE

Phases of Mitosis: ANAPHASE

Phases of Mitosis: TELOPHASE

Regulating The Cell Cycle Cells complete the cell cycle at different paces; some cells don’t divide (ex: neurons, cardiac muscle) Special proteins direct the sequence of events and serve as “checkpoints” When this “control system” malfunctions, cells reproduce at the wrong time and place leading to tumors

Tumors and Cancer Benign Tumors Abnormal mass of normal cells Malignant Tumors Masses of cancer cells Cancer cells displace normal tissue Cancer cells can metastasize or spread from their site of origin

Cancer Treatment SURGERY RADIATION CHEMOTHERAPY SIDE EFFECTS Remove tumor from tissue RADIATION Expose dividing tumor cells to high-energy radiation to disrupt division CHEMOTHERAPY Use antimitotic drugs to prevent spindle formation or function SIDE EFFECTS Damage reproductive cell development (sterility) Damage intestinal cells (nausea) Damage hair follicle cells (hair loss)