To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Resources Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. earth.msscience.com Image Bank Foldables Video Clips and Animations Standardized Test Practice Chapter Review Questions Chapter Summary

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To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank Book on Table

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To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Matter Make the following Foldable to help you understand the vocabulary terms in this chapter.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Fold a vertical sheet of notebook paper from side to side.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Cut along every third line of only the top layer to form tabs.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Label each tab with vocabulary words.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables As you read the chapter, list the vocabulary words on the tabs. As you learn the definitions, write them under the tab for each vocabulary word. Build Vocabulary

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To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 1 1 Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Atoms The nucleus of an atom contains protons with a positive charge and neutrons with no charge. Electrons, which have a negative charge, surround the nucleus. Reviewing Main Ideas Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 2 2 Atoms join to form compounds and molecules. A compound is a substance made of two or more elements. The chemical and physical properties of a compound differ from those of the elements of which it is composed. Combinations of Atoms A mixture is a substance in which the components are not chemically combined. Reviewing Main Ideas

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 3 3 Physical properties can be observed and measured without causing a chemical change in a substance. Chemical properties can be observed only when one substance reacts with another substance. Properties of Matter Reviewing Main Ideas

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 3 3 Properties of Matter Atoms or molecules in a solid are in fixed positions relative to one another. In a liquid, the atoms or molecules are close together but are freer to change positions. Atoms or molecules in a gas move freely to fill any container. Reviewing Main Ideas Because of Earth’s narrow temperature range, water is the only substance known that occurs naturally as a solid, liquid, and gas.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 3 3 Properties of Matter One physical property that is used to describe matter is density. Density is a ratio of the mass of an object to its volume. A material that is less dense will float in a material that is more dense. Reviewing Main Ideas

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 1 Which of the following cannot be broken down into simpler substances? A. compounds B. elements C. mixtures D. solutions

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer The answer is B. Elements are made of only one type of atom.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 2 What type of bond can form without the interaction of electrons? A. covalent B. double C. hydrogen D. ionic

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer The answer is C. Hydrogen bonding occurs between polar molecules, which have areas of partial positive and partial negative charges.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 3 Describe the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. Answer In a heterogeneous mixture, the components are not mixed evenly and each retains its own properties. The components of a homogeneous mixture are mixed evenly and often have different properties from those of the mixture.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 4 Ocean water is an example of a(n) __________. A. compound B. element C. heterogeneous mixture D. solution

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer The answer is D. Ocean water contains compounds, but the water itself is a solution, a homogeneous mixture.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 5 Which of these descriptions is true of an atom that has no electric charge?

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review A. the number of neutrons is less than the number of electrons B. the number of protons and electrons is the same C. the number of protons is greater than the number of electrons D. the number of protons is less than the number of electrons

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer The answer is B. In a neutral atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. Neutrons have no electric charge.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 1 What is the mass number of Hydrogen-2? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is B. The mass number is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 2 The atomic number of the synthetic element Americium is 95, and the mass number is 243. How many protons and neutrons does an atom of this Americium isotope have? A. 95 neutrons, 95 protons B. 122 neutrons, 121 protons C. 148 neutrons, 95 protons D. 148 neutrons, 243 protons

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is C. Since the atomic number is 95, the atom has 95 protons. The mass number is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 3 How many neutrons does an atom of carbon-14 contain, if its atomic number is 6 and its mass number is 14? A. 6 B. 8 C. 12 D. 14

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is B. Subtract the atomic number from the mass number to determine the number of protons.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 4 What is the density of a 10-mL sample of water that has a mass of 10 g? A. 1 g/cm 3 B. 10 g/cm 3 C. 20 g/cm 3 D. 100 g/cm 3

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is A. One milliliter is equal to one cubic centimeter, and density is calculated by dividing the mass by the volume.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 5 Which element has 5 neutrons per atom? ElementAtomic NumberMass Number Fluorine919 Lithium37 Carbon612 Nitrogen714 Beryllium49 Boron511

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice A. beryllium B. carbon C. fluorine D. lithium ElementAtomic NumberMass Number Fluorine919 Lithium37 Carbon612 Nitrogen714 Beryllium49 Boron511

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is A. The atomic number indicates the number of protons; the mass number indicates the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.

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