The Civil War The war began with the firing on Ft. Sumter Northern strategy: 1.Blockade southern ports 2.Gain control of the Miss. River 3.Capture the Confederate capital: Richmond, VA 4.Destroy Confederate transportation and communication lines Southern strategy: 1.Fight a DEFENSIVE war – tiring out the Union 2. getting supplies from EUROPE with the sale of cotton 3.Break the blockade

Major Robert Anderson USA General P.G.T. Beauregard

The Civil War in S. C.  The War in South Carolina  The Union captured PORT ROYAL, on the coast, to use as a headquarters for the blockading ships and as a base from which to threaten Charleston and South Carolina railroad lines.

 KING COTTON DIPLOMACY - the South initially withheld its cotton from Europe to increase the demand for it and hopefully get European allies to help fight the war.  This strategy failed for the following reasons:  1. The BLOCKADE became more effective 2. European nations found other COTTON MARKETS around the world. 2. European nations found other COTTON MARKETS around the world. 3. the EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 3. the EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION made SLAVERY the major made SLAVERY the major issue of the war and Europe was not willing to issue of the war and Europe was not willing to fight for the South to keep slaves. fight for the South to keep slaves.

The blockade was increasingly successful in South Carolina despite the use of BLOCKADE RUNNERS, fast ships designed to get past the blockading ships. The blockade runners were called the LIFELINE OF THE CONFEDERACY because they were the main source of supplies for the Confederacy. The HUNLEY was a Confederate submarine that was used to try and break the blockade

 Union troops bombarded and attacked Charleston for over a year. In this campaign the 54 th MASSACHUSETTS, an all-black Union regiment led the attack on BATTERY WAGNER.  ROBERT SMALLS was a slave and boat pilot who, with his family, stole a Confederate ship, the PLANTER and escaped to the Union blockade. Smalls gave valuable information to the Union about Confederate fortifications around Charleston.

 Union General WILLIAM T. SHERMAN invaded South Carolina in His goal was to bring TOTAL WAR, bringing the war to the civilians, to convince the South to surrender. His troops destroyed homes, plantations, railroads and towns all across the state. His troops treated South Carolina especially hard since the state was the first to secede. On the night of February 17, 1865 Sherman’s men burned much of COLUMBIA to the ground.

 IMPACT OF THE WAR:  PLANTATION OWNERS:  The wealthiest served as high-ranking officers. WADE HAMPTON, the richest man in the South was the highest ranking officer from South Carolina  Many wealthy were exempt under the 20 SLAVE rule and could also hire a SUBSTITUTE to fight in their place, which meant that the poorer class died in disproportionate numbers than their wealthy countrymen. This led to the complaint that the war was a “RICH MAN’S WAR BUT A POOR MAN’S FIGHT  Many of the wealthy lost their plantations and all their wealth that was tied up in SLAVERY

 WOMEN:  They ran the farms while the men were off fighting and also served as NURSES and raised money for the cause. Many women were left as WIDOWS after the war and were the sole providers of their families.

 AFRICAN-AMERICANS  Many African-Americans fled to nearby Union lines to claim FREEDOM while others stayed on the plantations and waited for the Union army to come to them.  The EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION declared all the slaves free in territory occupied by the Union.  Many free blacks and runaway slaves joined the UNION ARMY where many were discriminated against. They served under WHITE OFFICERS officers and were PAID LESS than white soldiers.  Some slaves went with their Confederate masters to the battlefields while others were used to build FORTIFICATIONS.

 CHILDREN:  Some boys as young as 10 joined the armies and worked as DRUMMER BOYS and COLOR BEARERS.  Many children were ORPHANED by the war