Earth & Space Science Chapter 6

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Presentation transcript:

Earth & Space Science Chapter 6 Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks

Weathering vs. Erosion Weathering: produces sediment by breaking down rock can be chemical or mechanical Erosion: transports sediment through moving water wind gravity Draw a picture of each glaciers of these factors.

How can rocks form from sediment? Lithification (lithos = stone): Compaction—compression by overlying layers (sometimes pore space left, esp. sandstone) Cementation—mineral “glue” Sedimentary features Bedding (seen in hwy rock cuts) Ripple marks Sorting/rounding of grains Fossils

Sedimentary Rock Features Bedding (horizontal layering):

Sedimentary Rock Features Most fossils are found in sedimentary rocks.

Types of Sedimentary Rock Clastic—made of small bits (clasts) stuck together Coarse (>2 mm pieces) conglomerate Medium (1/16 mm to 2 mm) sandstone Fine (1/256 mm to 1/16 mm) siltstone Very fine (< 1/256 mm) shale

Types of Sedimentary Rock Organic/Biochemical formed from/by living organisms Coal Fossiliferous limestone Coquina Chalk

Types of Sedimentary Rock Chemical evaporites and precipitates Rock salt Rock Gypsum Compact limestone Chert/flint

What causes metamorphism? Temperature Pressure

Features of Metamorphic Rocks Solid state change in minerals (remember Bowen’s reaction series?) Foliation—parallel layers or bands—caused by pressure Reorganization of crystals

Protoliths of Foliated Rocks Granite  gneiss (banded) Various  schist (layered) Shale  slate (layered)

Protoliths of Nonfoliated Rocks Limestone  marble Sandstone  quartzite

Types of Metamorphism Low grade to high grade Regional Contact Hydrothermal (hot groundwater)

Economic Importance of Metamorphic Rocks Building/Construction Slate, marble Metallic mineral resources Ores (iron, lead) Native minerals (gold, copper, silver) Nonmetallic mineral resources Talc, asbestos, graphite

The Rock Cycle