Chapter 1 Notes—Continued The American Colonies and England

American Colonists start questioning the world around them Turn to page in your textbook. On your own or with a partner—fill in the chart about the Enlightenment and the Great awakening.

Enlightenment Ideals—e mphasized the use of reason and the scientific method as means of obtaining knowledge John Locke “Social Contract Theory”(1690) people have natural rights by god, not by monarchs. Right to overthrow Government if it does not protect rights.

Ben Franklin Inventor Writer Politician Brought many enlightenment ideals to America revolution/benjamin-franklin revolution/benjamin-franklin

The Great Awakening  A revival of religious feelings in the American Colonies  George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards were major individuals  Harvard become the 1 st College in America to train ministers

The English Colonies vs. English ColoniesFrench Colonies Type of SettlersDiverse backgrounds in English Colonies (not all from England) Young French men, Catholic priests Economic Activities Shipbuilding, agriculture, timber—all in all more diverse Fur trading Relations with Native Americans More hostile, history of completely removing natives from land with force More peaceful, they needed local partners in trade the French Colonies

French and Indian War A.Rivals for an Empire  FRANCE engaged in fur trade w/Natives  ENGLAND wants to occupy more land B.War Erupts  George Washington:  Failed twice as a military leader to push the French out of the Ohio River Valley  Gained fame and recognition during French and Indian War

French and Indian War  General Edward Braddock  One of Britain’s best Generals  Was to help the Americans in the war but lost over 1000 men and was killed himself.  William Pitt  Become Britain’s Prime Minister during the War  Wants to win the war and will do what it takes to win  Causes Britain to go into a lot of debt

Wars of Empire  Britain and France are huge rivals and in 1689 and 1748 they fight a series of wars—in Europe AND North America  French has support from the majority of Native Americans initially  British have to work to get on their side  By 1754 there are more British colonists than French—tip the balance  French even more reliant on Indian allies for protection  What causes the French and Indian War to break out?  Both France and Great Britain wanted to control the Ohio River Valley GU3aEGss

End of the French and Indian War  Treaty of Paris (1763): Ended war, British win. British keep Canada, Great Lakes country, and Ohio River Valley. Essentially British took all French land east of the Mississippi River  English settlers start moving into newly acquired lands  This leads to tribal rebellions in Great Lakes region—very expensive for Britain to suppress, start making deals with tribes in the region  Proclamation of 1763: document ordering colonial settlers to stay east of the Appalachian Mountains

 What was a major outcome of the French and Indian War?  English get land east of Mississippi  British have massive war debt  Colonists want to inhabit new land but the crown tries to control them—they do not like this  What happens to the relationship between the American Colonists and Great Britain as a result of the French and Indian War?  Colonists had enjoyed a great deal of freedom up to this point, did not like being limited by British  After investing so much blood and money to conquer North America the British wanted greater control over their colonies—not to mention the debt they accrued while fighting the war and protecting their land claims  Where are they going to get more money?

Chief Pontiac—organizes the alliance of tribes that fight against the British Pontiac's War begins against the British Pontiac loses

 Albany Plan of Union (1754)— document that called on the colonies to unite under British rule and to cooperate with one another for the war effort against the French. It would create a continental assembly with delegates from each colony.  Drafted by Ben Franklin  Colonies reject, don’t want to lose autonomy  Significance? Encourages the idea of colonies joining together to become one powerful unit in colonists minds