HUMAN IMPACT on the BIOSPHERE Chapter 6-1 A Changing Landscape

Go to Section: Video INTEREST GRABBER Click here to play the Ch6 video segment. How Does Everything Fit?

Go to Section: Leaving a Mark on the World Have you ever seen very old photographs of the town or city in which you now live? Has your area changed? Perhaps there are more buildings or roads than there were many years ago. Maybe your town or city has more trees and flowers now than it had years ago. Humans, like all organisms, have an effect on their environment. Section 6-1

Interest Grabber Answers 1.Choose an animal other than a human and describe at least two ways in which it may change its environment. 2. What events might have led to the changes that occurred in your town or city? 3. What positive effect have humans had on their environment? What negative effect have humans had on their environment? Sample answers: A beaver both removes wood from a forest and dams a body of water. A dog digs a hole and may damage plants, but also may unearth worms and turn the soil. Sample answers: increase or decrease in population and industry. Humans preserve, conserve, and restore the natural environment as well as construct facilities that improve human health. Humans pollute the air, water, and land with materials that can harm humans and other organisms.

HUMAN ACTIVITIES Humans participate in __________ & ____________________ Humans play a part in the ecosystems on the planet Food websBiogeochemical cycles

HUMAN ACTIVITIES can change local and global environments! ______________________________ ____________________ _________________ ___________________________ HUNTING and GATHERING AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY URBAN DEVELOPMENT Images from:

WHAT HAVE WE BEEN DOING? _______________________HUNTING and GATHERING

HUNTING AND GATHERING Throughout human history, people have hunted __________________, ___________ in rivers, and gathered __________________________________ Even these early people changed their _________________ birds and mammals fished wild seeds, fruits,and nuts. environments

HUNTING AND GATHERING Today, people in many parts of the world still follow the “hunter-gatherer” way of life. These people make ______________ on the environment. However, some are beginning to use ____________________ such as guns, snowmobiles, or other tools. few demands modern technology

WHAT PROBLEMS CAN THIS CAUSE? ________________ can put animal populations at risk of ____________ OVERHUNTING extinction

VOCAB Species that has died out = ______________ Species whose population size is rapidly declining and will become extinct if the trend continues = _____________ Species that is in danger of becoming endangered in the near future = ____________ threatened extinct endangered

WHAT PROBLEMS CAN THIS CAUSE? Scientists hypothesize that the first humans to arrive in North America caused a major __________________of animals like woolly mammoths, giant sloths, and saber-toothed cats. mass extinction

WHAT PROBLEMS CAN THIS CAUSE? Many species that once lived in North America (like zebra, cheetah, and yak) have disappeared from continent.

EXAMPLE: WHALES During the 19th and the earlier part of 20th centuries, over-hunting led to a severe _________of whale populations, and to _______________ of five whale species. overkill endangerment Minke whale = most hunted species

EXAMPLE: North American Buffalo ______________ in America once numbered million, ranging from Virginia to Alaska and all points in between. By 1884, the buffalo was close to extinction due to ______________. Pile of bison skulls, 1870’s Wild buffalo overhunting

HOW DO WE HELP? International Whaling Commission has placed a moratorium on whaling. Only works if nations voluntarily comply

HOW DO WE HELP? Conservation efforts, private ownership, and reintroduction of buffalo have allowed the population to recover slightly. Today, the total buffalo population in North America is estimated at 90,000 and about 85 percent of these animals are privately owned.

WHAT PROBLEMS CAN THIS CAUSE? Many endangered animals today are threatened by ____________________ / Illegal poaching

OVERHUNTING/POACHING All five rhino species are ____________ Just a few decades ago, the world’s rhino population exceeded 100,000, but today there are less than 11,000 due to _____________ and _________________. _______________ are in demand in many countries where they can bring over $60,000/lb. It is ground into medicine in China and carved into ceremonial dagger handles in Yemen. Rhino horns habitat losspoaching endangered.

WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP? The_______________________________ __________________________ (CITES) bans international ________ in products from endangered species. trade Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP? Support “Green” organizations that work for laws to establish quotas and protect species

HUMAN ACTIVITIES can also change local and global environments! ______________________________ ____________________ _________________ ___________________________ HUNTING and GATHERING AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY URBAN DEVELOPMENT Images from:

By end of last ice age (about 11,000 years ago) humans began the practice of farming = __________________ Soon people around the world were growing crops and raising animals for food AGRICULTURE agriculture

Changing Agriculture The spread of agriculture was one of most __________ developments in human history. It _____________ in large quantities that could be stored for later. Allowed people to __________________ and enabled the _______________of cities, governments, laws, and writing. important provided food settle in one place development

Changing Agriculture By middle of 20 th century, despite agricultural advances there were ________________in many parts of the world. Governments and scientists began a major effort to ____________ food production food shortages increase

Changing Agriculture Plant breeders: developed _______________ “miracle strains” of wheat and rice AND Modern ________________________spread This effort = ______________________ GREEN REVOLUTION highly productive farming techniques

Changing Agriculture Large fields are planted with a single variety year after year = ________________ Chemical _____________ boosted crop growth and ______________ controlled damaging insects MONOCULTURE fertilizers pesticides

Changing Agriculture Over the last 50 years, the green revolution has helped world food production _________. Even though hunger is still a major problem in parts of the world, agriculture and the green revolution have provided many people with better nutrition. double

Challenges for Future Modern agriculture has increased world _________________, but has also created ________________ challenges. Large scale monoculture leads to problems with ____________ and _______________. Use of farm chemicals (fertilizers & pesticides) can damage ____________ insects, ________________ water supplies, and ______________ in the environment ecological food supplies Insect pests diseases beneficial contaminate accumulate

Challenges for Future Finding enough __________ for irrigation is another problem. Less than ¼ of US farmland relies heavily on ___________, but this area produces a __________ portion of our harvest. water irrigation major

Challenges for Future Many Midwest states rely on the ___________aquifer for their water needs. However, we are using water faster than the water cycle can _____________ it. Evidence indicates this aquifer may __________ within years. OGALLALA replenish run dry

HOW DO WE HELP? Applying ____________________ to farming is changing some of this environmental impact. EX: _________________ and ___________________ enable farmers to apply chemicals _____________________ modern technology Satellite imaging GPS technology only where needed

HOW DO WE FIX IT? Applying modern technology to farming is changing some of this environmental impact. EX: ___________ and other “green” farming methods can ___________________ and ___________________ “No-till” reduce soil erosion protect ecosystems

Cover Crops Legumes, grasses, and other cover crops recycle soil nutrients, reduce fertilizer need, and prevent weed growth. Controlled Grazing By managing graze periods and herd densities, farmers can improve nutrient cycling, increase the effectiveness of precipitation, and increase the carrying capacity of pastures. Biological Pest Control The use of predators and parasites to control destructive insects minimizes pesticide use as well as crop damage Contour Plowing Contour plowing reduces soil erosion from land runoff. On hilly areas, plowing is done across the hill rather than straight up and down. Crop Rotation Different crops use and replenish different nutrients. By rotating crops, the loss of important plant nutrients is decreased. ABC Yr. 1 Yr. 2 Yr. 3 Section 6-4 Sustainable Agriculture Ways to preserve the environment corn alfalfa oats alfalfa (plowed in)

HUMAN ACTIVITIES can also change local and global environments! ______________________________ ____________________ _________________ ___________________________ HUNTING and GATHERING AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY URBAN DEVELOPMENT Images from:

INDUSTRIAL GROWTH and URBAN DEVELOPMENT The impact of humans on the biosphere was transformed by the _____________________ during the 1800’s. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Industrial productivity and scientific advancements have provided us with the ______________________ we enjoy today modern conveniences

BUT... The spread of urban areas has resulted in the _____________ habitats. Air, water, & soil _____________ has had an impact on surrounding ecosystems. destruction pollution

Energy production requires ______________________ which impacts _______________ and _______________. burning fossil fuels air quality global climate MORE ON THIS IN 6-4!

SOURCES

SOURCES

POWER POINT BY K.RIEDELL ADAPTED FOR MISSISSIPPI STATE SCIENCE FRAMEWORK