Map A: Gerhard Mercator. Virginia and Maryland, 1636

Map B: Edward Williams. A Map of Virginia, 1651.

The Pilgrims http://pioneersofbearddom.com/2011/11/01/the-pilgrims-2010/

Puritans and Pilgrims Puritanism originated among Anglican Church members who thought the Reformation hadn’t rejected Roman Catholicism enough Under Queen Elizabeth (1558-1603) the Anglican Church was free from Catholic control The Puritans wanted to “purify” the Anglican church by removing all traces of Catholicism

What Puritans Believed Puritans believed every worshipper should experience God directly thru faith, prayer, & Bible study Puritans respected their ministers as sources of religious instruction, but objected to the authority of the Anglican bishops Some Puritans wanted to remain in the Anglican Church & reform it, but others wanted to form congregations independent of bishops’ control

Don’t Confuse Separatists With Puritans Some of those who wanted to be independent—called Separatists-escaped from England to Holland to escape persecution After a dozen years in Holland, the Separatists had a hard time finding jobs-and their kids were growing up Dutch 1620-A small group of families contracted with the Virginia Company, sailed to Plymouth on the Mayflower-known as Pilgrims

The Massachusetts Bay Company English Puritans began to worry more & more about how King Charles I ignored English law Like Separatists, they felt increased religious persecution, political repression, & poverty 1629-Puritan leader John Winthrop & some of his well-connected friends obtained a charter for a joint-stock company The Massachusetts Bay Company quickly began transporting Puritans to New England

Massachusetts Bay Colony Sept. 1630-Winthrop established Massachusetts Bay Colony with Boston as its capital Soon other towns were founded, with thousands of Puritans fleeing an impending Civil War in England In the 1st year alone, 17 ships brought 1000 men, women, & children Eventually Plymouth colony was absorbed into Massachusetts Bay

“A City on a Hill” John Winthrop, who served 4 terms as the colony’s governor, expressed the sense of religious mission that bound the Puritans together “We shall be as a city upon a hill,”—by which he meant the world would be watching how closely they followed God Although Puritans made no effort to create a democracy, they divided political power

Who Had Power in Massachusetts Bay? Massachusetts Bay Company gave the right to vote not only to stockholders but to all adult males who belonged to the Puritan church This was 40% of the colony’s men-a large electorate by European standards in 1630 These freemen voted each year for members of the Massachusetts General Court, which in turn chose the governor A Massachusetts Town Meeting-American democracy at work

Church and State Combined In Massachusetts Bay, church & state were in a close relationship Civic officials were members of the Puritan Church who believed they were God’s “elect” whose duty it was to carry out God’s will Puritan laws criminalized drunkenness, swearing, theft, & idleness

Importance of the Family Virginia’s first settlers were nearly all men, but the Puritans crossed the Atlantic as families Puritans kept a watchful eye on the actions of husbands, wives, & children If parents failed to discipline their kids, authorities might place them in a more “God-fearing” home If a husband & wife bickered, the court might recommend marriage counseling-but if they still argued, one or both might end up in the stocks

The Founding of Rhode Island Preacher Roger Williams disagreed with the Puritan idea of forced religion From his pulpit in Salem, Williams also claimed English settlers had no right to Native American land unless they paid for it He also declared that government officials had no business punishing settlers for their religious beliefs

Kicked out of Massachusetts Bay Williams was the 1st to advocate the separation of church & state-every person should be free to worship as he wished The General Court ordered Williams be arrested & returned to England Jan., 1636-Williams fled Massachusetts south to Narragansett Bay, & bought land from Indians He set up a new colony, Rhode Island, which guaranteed religious toleration for Protestants

Anne Hutchinson Banished Another dissenter, Anne Hutchinson, held Bible studies in her home She came to believe that the Holy Spirit would enlighten the heart of every true believer If that was the case, who needed a minister to interpret the Bible for them? 1638-Puritan leaders banished Hutchinson She moved with 6 of her 12 children to a Dutch colony (today’s New York) which practiced religious toleration

Native Americans Resist English settlers were fanning out from Massachusetts into Connecticut & New Hampshire Native Americans saw their lands claimed & cleared for farming They recognized the rapid spread of the settlers meant an end to their way of life

Disputes Over Land For every acre a colonial farmer needed to support life, the Native Americans needed 20 They needed so much to hunt, fish, & grow food For Native Americans, no one owned the land, but it was there for all to use Treaties in which the Europeans gave them blankets, guns, iron tools, or ornaments, was just a temporary deal Europeans, saw such treaties as permanent

The Pequot War The Pequot tribe decided to take a stand against the colonists They formed an alliance with their old enemies, the Narragansetts May, 1637-90 English colonists & their Native American allies surrounded a Pequot fort & massacred the Pequot men, women, & kids Only a few of the 600 people inside survived

King Philip’s War Without land or livelihood, many Native Americans had to work for the English to eat They also had to obey Puritan laws such as no hunting on Sunday Wampanoag chief Metacom bristled under these restrictions Metacom-called King Philip by the English-organized his tribe & others into an alliance

Putting Down the Wampanoags Spring, 1675-Using hit-&-run tactics, Native Americans attacked outlying settlements throughout New England The brutal, destructive war went on for 2 years Native Americans ran out of food, & were decimated by disease & heavy casualties King Philip was killed by a bullet fired by a Native American ally of the English

The High Price of Victory King Philip’s head was put on display in Plymouth for 20 years With his defeat, Native American power in New England was gone forever The English paid a price, too—fully 10% of all colonial adult men were killed in King Philip’s War That’s a higher proportion of the total population than even the American Civil War

New England Colonial Expansion

Causes Effects Persecution of Puritans in England Puritan emigration to New England Puritan belief in hard work Rapid growth & success of Massachusetts Bay Roger Williams dissenting beliefs Rhode Island founded-separation of church & state Rapid colonial growth in New England Conflict with Native Americans Defeat of King Philip End of Native American power in New England

Causes Effects Persecution of Puritans in England Puritan belief in hard work Roger Williams dissenting beliefs Rapid colonial growth in New England Defeat of King Philip