STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT: Impact on Organizational Growth & Development c ontacts: , ,

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES At the end of this presentation, you should be able to: Understand Strategic Management Practice as an instrument of change; Know a model for strategic performance; and Have insight into the practical approach to Strategic Evaluation – Using MSSN- UNILAG as a case study.

Meaning of Strategic Mgt (for practice). Strategic management is the art and science of formulating, implementing and evaluating cross-functional decisions that enable an organization to achieve its objectives. (David, 2013). Strategic management is a strategic design for how a company intends to profit from its strategies, work processes, and work activities. (Robins and Coulter, 2007). Strategic management is the process of managing the pursuit of organizational mission while managing the relationship of the organization to its environment. (Higgins, 2013).

Lastly, according to Prof. MBA (2014) “The professional application of strategic processes, principles and models in understanding, planning and implementing organisation strategies, genetic codes and excellence models, aimed at achieving designed strategic performance outcome”. In essence, all our Dawah approaches and efforts should be driven by and aimed at achieving Strategic Performance Outcome.

Strategic Performance Outcome (Model at a glance)

Model for Strategic Results

Allah emphasizes 3 powers of the world and we would be accountable for misuse –Economic Power (Qarun), Political Power (Pharaoh), Military Power (Haman)..Q29:39. (Remember also) Qarun, Pharaoh, and Haman: there came to them Moses with Clear Signs, but They behaved with insolence/arrogant on the earth; yet They could not overreach (Us) -escape our punishment.” Q4:5 Don’t allow your wealth to be managed by misfit ﴿وَلاَ تُؤْتُواْ السُّفَهَآءَ أَمْوَلَكُمُ الَّتِى جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ قِيَـماً وَارْزُقُوهُمْ You can only get what you strive for ﴿وَأَن لَّيْسَ لِلإِنسَـنِ إِلاَّ مَا سَعَى Islamic Justifications for all these as Muslims

Strategic Management Processes (Acombination of three main processes) Strategy formulation Performing a situation analysis, self-evaluation and competitor analysis: both internal and external; both micro-environmental and macro- environmental. Concurrent with this assessment, objectives are set. These objectives should be parallel to a timeline; some are in the short-term and others on the long-term. This involves crafting vision statements (long term view of a possible future), mission statements (the role that the organization gives itself in society), overall corporate objectives (both financial and strategic), strategic business unit objectives (both financial and strategic), and tactical objectives. These objectives should, in the light of the situation analysis, suggest a strategic plan. The plan provides the details of how to achieve these objectives. In a nutshell, This three-step strategy formulation/formation process is sometimes referred to as determining where you are now, determining where you want to go, and then determining how to get there.

Strategy Implementation Allocation and management of sufficient resources (financial, personnel, time, technology support) Establishing a chain of command or some alternative structure (such as cross functional teams) Assigning responsibility of specific tasks or processes to specific individuals or groups It also involves managing the process. This includes monitoring results, comparing to benchmarks and best practices, evaluating the efficacy and efficiency of the process, controlling for variances, and making adjustments to the process as necessary. When implementing specific programs, this involves acquiring the requisite resources, developing the process, training, process testing, documentation, and integration with (and/or conversion from) legacy processes.

Strategic Evaluation & Control Measuring the effectiveness of the organizational strategy. It is extremely important to conduct a SWOT analysis to figure out the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (both internal and external) of the entity in question. This may require to take certain precautionary measures or even to change the entire strategy. The provision of a framework for the review of plan execution and control of activities measuring actual performance against the planned change/actions.

SM contributions to Growth and Development of an Organization Creative/perfect match btw the changing internal organizational conditions of the org. and its external environmental variables – Realignment of the firm’s objectives and strategies to the changing conditions in the operating environment and the org. Identification and exploitation of future opportunities. Provides a practical/an objective view of understanding the management/organizational problems. Allows for more effective allocation of time and resources to identified opportunities. Effective co-ordination of the execution of actions, strategies and tactics of the plan

Cont. on contributions to Growth and Development of an Organization Minimization of effects of adverse conditions on the org. as it provides effective framework for strategy formulation, implementation and evaluation. Allows for the identification of priorities within the timing of the plan and ensure major decisions are related to the established objectives. Foster internal communication between personnel, as it integrates the behaviour of individuals in the organization toward forward thinking into a total effort (team work).

Other benefits… Stimulates a co-operative, integrated and enthusiastic approach to tackling problems and opportunities and encourages a favourable attitude to change. Other Non- financial Benefits of Strategic Management. Increased employee productivity. Improved understanding of competitors’ strategies. Greater awareness of external threats. Understanding of performance reward relationships. Better problem-avoidance. Lesser resistance to change When all these happen, then we can gladly say that an organization is experiencing concurrent growth and development.

Truly, an organization can experience growth – increase in size and scope yet may not develop. This is because there may be growth but may not be genuinely translated into meaningful development in its overall activities, quality performance outcome and quality development of its people. It is UNTIL and UNLESS we experience SYNERGY in all these then we can boast of growth and development. Meanwhile, some of our actions/inactions may hamper SM contributions to growth and development of the organization.

Reasons why strategic plans fail There are many reasons why strategic plans fail, especially: Failure to understand our target audience/people  Why do/don’t they want to align with us  Is there a real need for the product/social service  inadequate or incorrect marketing research/SWOT Analysismarketing research Inability to predict environmental reactionsenvironmental reaction  What will competitors (other societies/groups) do Fighting brandsbrands Price wars –their offerings Price wars  Will government/authorities intervene, why, when and how?

Cont… Over-estimation of resource competence  Can the staff, equipment, and processes handle the new strategy  Failure to develop new employee and management skills Failure to coordinate  Reporting and control relationships not adequate  Organizational structure not flexible enough Failure to obtain senior management commitment  Failure to get management involved right from the start  Failure to obtain sufficient company resources to accomplish task Failure to obtain employee commitment  New strategy not well explained to employees  No incentives given to workers to embrace the new strategy

Cont… Under-estimation of time requirements  No critical path analysis donecritical path analysis Failure to follow the plan  No follow through after initial planning  No tracking of progress against plan  No consequences for above Failure to manage change  Inadequate understanding of the internal resistance to change  Lack of vision on the relationships between processes, technology and organization Poor communications  Insufficient information sharing among stakeholders  Exclusion of stakeholders and delegates

Strategy Evaluation

Parting shot…Remember a journey of a thousand miles begins with the right step

Habit 20 A change of habit will really help. Listen to what habit says… I am completely at your command. Half the things you do, you might just as well turn over to me, and I will be able to do them quickly and correctly. I am easily managed; you must merely be firm with me. Show me exactly how you want something done, and after a few lessons I will do it automatically. I am the servant of all great men. And, alas, of all failures as well. Those who are great, I have made great. Those who are failures, I have made failures. I am not a machine, though I work with all the precision of a machine. Plus, the intelligence of a man. You may run me for profit, or run me for ruin; it makes no difference to me. Take me, train me, be firm with me and I will put the world at your feet. Be easy with me, and I will destroy you. Who am I? I am a HABIT! Author: Unknown

IDEAL ISLAMIC PERSONALITY One of the renowned Muslim scholars of our time Imam Hassan al Banna stated that the first thing that the Muslim should be concerned with is the reform of herself or himself. Thereafter he listed 10 things a Muslim should strive to attain. 1. A strong body 2. Good character 3. Cultured thought. 4. He should be able to earn a living. 5. Have pure belief. 6. Correct worship. 7. He should be able to control his desires. 8. Be careful about his time. 9. Organized in his affairs, and 10. Beneficial to those around him. The Ideal Muslim Personality 1/4 21

Pathing Shot We should strive to be excellent in everything we do. Remember the hadith شَدَّادِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ قَالَ ثِنْتَانِ حَفِظْتُهُمَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَتَبَ الْإِحْسَانَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ فَإِذَا قَتَلْتُمْ فَأَحْسِنُوا الْقِتْلَةَ وَإِذَا ذَبَحْتُمْ فَأَحْسِنُوا الذَّبْحَ وَلْيُحِدَّ أَحَدُكُمْ شَفْرَتَهُ فَلْيُرِحْ ذَبِيحَتَهُ 1955 صحيح مسلم كتاب الصيد والذبائح وما يؤكل من الحيوان باب الأمر بإحسان الذبح والقتل وتحديد الشفرة Shadid ibn Aws reported: I remember two things the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, Allah has prescribed excellence in everything, so if you kill then kill in the best manner, and if you slaughter then slaughter in the best manner. Let one of you sharpen his knife so his animal feels no pain.” The way to change is to replace our bad habits with this noble ones (the right CHARACTER to be GREAT in FUTURE). Summary and Conclusion 22

Finally, in all you do you must put Allah first, in the middle and at the end ( 3 Ms principles) Thank You for Your Attention