Reasons for the English Civil War 1. In 1603, Elizabeth died. She never married, so there were no heirs to continue the Tudor Dynasty. Stuart Dynasty 2. Mary Stuart’s son James I became the King of England started Stuart Dynasty in England

Reasons for the English Civil War 3. Queen Elizabeth recognized the importance of working with Parliament. Divine Right 4. James I did not believe like Queen Elizabeth did. He believed he should be an absolute monarch because of Divine Right (God chooses royal families to rule). James I did not listen to Parliament. 5. Thus began the major problems between Parliament and the King over issues of Authority, Money, and Religion.

Problems Between the King and Parliament 1. Authority — James I believed in divine right and absolutism; Parliament felt the king should be limited by Parliament. 2. Money — James I has to ask Parliament for money to finance government and life style.

Problems between the King and Parliament 3. Religion — Puritans were members of the Anglican Church who wanted all Catholic rituals removed; Puritans were active members of Parliament and were angered when James I arranged marriage of son (Charles) to a Catholic princess.

Charles I and Parliament Charles I 1. When James I died in 1625, his son Charles I became king. 2. Charles believed in divine right and absolute monarchy. 3. He refused to discuss ideas with Parliament and only called Parliament when he needed money. Petition of Rights 4. Parliament got fed up with Charles I and refused to give him money unless signed the Petition of Rights in 1628.

Petition of Rights King could not jail people without a good reason 2. King could not make taxes without Parliament's approval 3. King could not keep his soldiers in peoples’ homes and could not use army to maintain order during peacetime

Civil War 1. Charles I was really mad at Parliament and refused to call another Parliament for 11 years until he needed money to end revolts in Ireland and Scotland. 2. Conflict between supporters of the King and Parliament grew so bad that a civil war was unavoidable.

Civil War 3. Supporters of the King were the Cavaliers. 4. Supporters of Parliament were the Roundheads. CavaliersRoundheads 5. War between Cavaliers and the Roundheads lasted for 5 years. Oliver Cromwell 6. Roundheads found a strong leader in Oliver Cromwell. Cromwell and the Roundheads won and beheaded the king (1 st public execution of a king).

After the Civil War Commonwealth 1. After the Civil War, a Commonwealth was created. A Commonwealth is a type of government with no king and ruled by Parliament 2. Oliver Cromwell led the Commonwealth. He did not use a democracy. He became a military dictator.

New Commonwealth 1. Life in the Commonwealth was harsh because it was led by Cromwell and the Puritans. –Forced strict religious rules on people of England. –It was illegal to go to theaters and sporting events. –“merrymaking” and “amusement” were illegal. 2. Citizens hated living this way and began to want to bring back a king again

Restoration Charles II “Merry Monarch” he got along with Parliament!! 1. In 1660, Charles I’s son became King of England — Charles II was called the “Merry Monarch” because he brought back theatres, sporting events, dancing and he got along with Parliament!!

Restoration 2. Charles II learned from the lessons of his father and his grandfather. –He did not try to rule by Divine Right –He did not threaten Parliament’s authority Habeas CorpusLaw –He passed Habeas Corpus Law everyone guaranteed a trial after arrest; cannot be held in jail forever –He made Anglicanism the official religion, but treated Puritans and Catholics equally.

Restoration 3. During the Restoration, Parliament strengthened the Church of England. 4. Only Anglicans could attend universities, serve in Parliament, and be priests in the Anglican Church Constitutional Monarchy 5. Parliament created Constitutional Monarchy based on Magna Carta and the Petition of Right (Guaranteed rights of people and limited the power of the king)

Restoration 6. Problems secret –Charles II needed more money than Parliament was willing to give. So, he made a secret agreement with Louis XIV of France to convert to Catholicism in exchange for money James II –Charles II had no children. When he died, his openly-Catholic brother James II became king (Parliament's worst fear!!)

Glorious Revolution 1. King James II ignored Parliament’s religious laws, and he appointed Catholics to government and university positions. 2. Parliament was worried the throne would go to James II son who was to be raised Catholic. 3. Parliament encouraged William of Orange (ruler of the Netherlands who was married to James II daughter Mary) to invade and take over.

Glorious Revolution 4. James II fled to France when he realized he had little support from England. 5. This peaceful transfer of power was called the Glorious Revolution.