Dorothea Orem and the Self Care Deficit Theory Cerrianne Leatherland NSG 463

Background July 15, 1914- Born in Baltimore, Maryland (Wayne, 2014) Father was a construction worker and mother was a homemaker. Had one sister (Wayne, 2014) June 22, 2007- Died in Savannah, Georgia. She was 92 (Wayne, 2014)

Education Early 1930s- Diploma in Nursing from Providence Hospital School of Nursing in Washington, D.C. (Wayne, 2014) 1939- BS in Nursing Education from the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. (Wayne, 2014) 1945- MS in Nursing Education from the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. (Wayne, 2014) Honorary Doctorates of Science from both Georgetown University in 1976 and Incarnate Word College in 1980 1998- Doctorate Honoris Causae from the University of Missouri in Columbia

Career 1959 Published her concept of self care (Black, 2014) Orem helped publish the “Guidelines for Developing Curricula for the Education of Practical Nurses” (Wayne, 2014) 1971- published Nursing: Concepts of Practice which outlines her nursing theory. Because of this work, Orem is known as one of the leading theorists in nursing practice and education (Wayne, 2014). 1973- Chairperson of the Nursing Development Conference Group (Wayne, 2014) 1980- America Alumni Achievement Award for Nursing Theory (Wayne, 2014) 1991- Linda Richards Award from the National League for Nursing (Wayne, 2014) 1992- Honorary Fellow of the American Academy of Nursing (Wayne, 2014) 2001- Nursing: Concepts of Practice published (Black, 2014)

Orem’s Model “Ordinary people in contemporary society want to be in control of their lives” (Black, 2014) Assumption: Normal people who live in the community want to remain as independent and in control as possible Individuals are responsible for their own care Formalized three Nursing theories which are interconnected into one model (Black, 2014): Theory of self-care Theory of self-care deficit Theory of nursing system

Activities of Daily Living as Defined by Orem Universal (Petiprin, 2015) Sufficient intake of food, air, and water Care related to the elimination process Balancing activities and rest as well as social contact and seclusion Prevention of threats to health and well-being Promote human functioning Developmental (Petiprin, 2015) Self care related to stages of development Health Deviation (Petiprin, 2015) Learning to function with pathologic illnesses Finding appropriate medical assistance Fulfilling medical needs (wound care, medical equipment, etc.) Self acceptance Remaining educated regarding stages of illness

Self Care Deficit and Nursing Self care deficit: the extent of which the patient is unable to provide adequate self care (Black, 2014) Assess patients ability to provide self care and developing nursing interventions to meet each patient’s needs (Black, 2014) The nurse advocates and adjusts the nursing system in regards to the patient’s individual self-care deficit (Black, 2014)

Diagnostic Assessment Nurse- patient relationship (Black, 2014) Determining current and potential self-care needs (Black, 2014) Factors: Age, gender, developmental status, environment, culture (Black, 2014) Determine patient’s baseline ability to provide self care (Black, 2014) Limitations in providing effective self-care are considered self care deficits (Black, 2014)

Prescriptive Plan “to use teaching as a method of assisting others, it requires that the helper know thoroughly what the person to be helped needs to know” –Dorothea Orem Fundamentals are determined based on the patient’s deficits (Black, 2014) Nurse-patient communication and agreement on deficits (Black, 2014) Plan of care (methods, priorities, and actions) established with patient (Black, 2014)

Regulatory The nurse implements a system for care (Black, 2014) Implementation and Evaluation The nurse implements a system for care (Black, 2014) Compensatory (wholly and partly) Patients with little to no ability to provide self care (Black, 2014) Supportive-Educative Patients who are capable of providing adequate self care, but need additional education or further development to promote self care (Black, 2014)

Nurse Responsibilities The nurse should adapt to the needs of the patient (Petiprin, 2015) Five methods of helping (Petiprin, 2015): Doing for Education Guide Support Providing an environment conducive for self development

How I Relate to this Theory

References Black, B. (2014). Professional nursing: Concepts & Challenges (7 edition). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders. Petiprin, A. (2015). Self-care deficit theory. Nursing Theory. Retrieved from: http://www.nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/orem-self-care- deficit-theory.php Wayne, G. (2014). Dorothea E. Orem. Retrieved from http://nurseslabs.com/dorothea-orem/