3-1 ©2006 Module 3 Evaluating Slip, Trip and Fall Hazards

3-2 ©2006 Objectives After completing this module, you will be able to: nIdentify the three types of evaluation you can perform in your organization. nIdentify the factors that influence the slipperiness of floors. nIdentify the different floor types and their level of slip resistance.

3-3 ©2006 Objectives—continued nUnderstand how the coefficient of friction can be used to determine the slipperiness of a floor. nIdentify the lighting standards for both general and emergency illumination. nUse the critical inventory method for evaluating slip, trip and fall hazards.

3-4 ©2006 Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Recognize Evaluate

3-5 ©2006 Evaluate Parts of an Organization This is an evaluation of a specific item or area in your organization. nFor example, you could assess the slipperiness of a floor, the safety of a ladder or the lighting in stairwell. nUse established standards.

3-6 ©2006 Evaluate an Existing Hazard This evaluation assesses the likelihood and extent of the harm a hazard might cause. nFor example, test a known hazard on floor, in a stairwell, etc. nUse the critical inventory method.

3-7 ©2006 Evaluate the Organization This is an evaluation of your entire organization to determine where hazards exist. nFor example, you could use Job Safety Analysis or Safety Inspection. nUse a checklist.

3-8 ©2006 Causes of Slips, Trips and Falls

3-9 ©2006 nFloor material nFloor finish nFloor texture and pattern nFloor slope nFloor contaminants nFloor condition nEnvironmental conditions nFootwear of person nFootstep of person Factors of Floor Slipperiness

3-10 ©2006 What Makes a Floor Safe?

3-11 ©2006 The James Machine Photo used with permission from the National Floor Safety Institute

3-12 ©2006 Horizontal Drag Meter Photo used with permission from the National Floor Safety Institute

3-13 ©2006 BOT-3000 Photo used with permission from the National Floor Safety Institute

3-14 ©2006 Portable Inclinable Articulated Strut Photo used with permission from the National Floor Safety Institute

3-15 ©2006 English XL Photo used with permission from the National Floor Safety Institute

3-16 ©2006

3-17 ©2006 A slip, trip or fall may occur if a walking surface is poorly lit and it causes a person not to see an obstacle. Poor General Lighting

3-18 ©2006 A slip, trip or fall may occur if an organization’s electricity fails in an emergency and employees can’t see their way out. Poor Emergency Lighting

3-19 ©2006 A foot candle represents the amount of light or brightness that a birthday cake candle generates from a distance of one foot. Foot Candle

3-20 ©2006 Factor 1: Severity A measure of how dire or severe the consequences would be if the hazard caused an incident

3-21 ©2006 Factor 2: Exposure The number of employees who are exposed to the hazard, and the number of times they are exposed

3-22 ©2006 Factor 3: Probability The likelihood that the hazard will result in an incident

3-23 ©2006 Severity? Exposure? Probability? Photo used with permission of Marsh USA, Inc.

3-24 ©2006 Case Study Photo used with permission of Marsh USA, Inc.

3-25 ©2006 General Rule Slips and trips happen frequently, but tend not to be severe. Falls happen infrequently, but tend to be severe.

3-26 ©2006 Action Plan ActionPotential Barriers Overcoming the Barriers