Early Christian and Byzantine The Worshipping Community Early Christian and Byzantine Chapters 8+9, Nuttgens, Story of Architecture

Santa Costanza Rome c.350 fig130 Chapter 8+9 Architectural History

Catacombs off the Via Latina, Rome 4th century Christians did not adopt Roman cremation but wanted to be buried, near an apostle’s grave Chapter 8+9 Architectural History fig131

Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome 432-440 fig132 Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome 432-440 Basilica plan with nave arcaded in classical trabeated style: lintels rest on columns Chapter 8+9 Architectural History

Santa Sabina, Rome 422-430 Nave arcaded by arches resting on pillars fig133 Santa Sabina, Rome 422-430 Nave arcaded by arches resting on pillars Opens up the plan Chapter 8+9 Architectural History

Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem Built by Constantine Replaced apse at the end by an octagonal chapel Chapter 8+9 Architectural History fig134

Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem 326-333

Old Basilica of St. Peter, Rome c.330 Replaced vaults with simple walls and columns holding up wooden roofs Built over the graves of a saint – holy person Chapter 8+9 Architectural History fig135

San Apolinare in Classe, Ravenna c. 534-549 Free-standing campanile – bell tower Earliest example of a round tower Chapter 8+9 Architectural History

Mausoleum of Galla Placida, Ravenna 420 Interior burst of colourful Byzantine mosaics fig137 Chapter 8+9 Architectural History

St. Simeon Stylites Amalgamation of congregational basilica with centralized shrine Chapter 8+9 Architectural History

Europe 530 AD

Europe 814 AD

San Vitale Ravenna Italy (532-548) Entry San Vitale Ravenna Italy (532-548)

San Vitale Ravenna Italy (532-548) Aerial View

San Vitale, Ravenna (Interior)

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (532-537) Plan and Satellite Photo

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (Sections) Cross-Section Longitudinal-Section

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (Isometric) Cross-Section Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (Isometric)

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (532-537) External Views

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (Ext. Overview)

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (532-537) Interior Views

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (532-537) Dome

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (Details)

Monastery Church, Daphni Each area developed its own version of Hagia Sophia Monastery Church, Daphni fig147

Hosios Loukas Monastery The cross-plan is expressed on the exterior by separate pan-tiled roofs over the different sections

Byzantine Churches Mistra - fortified town contains the Palace to the last Byzantine emperor and was a centre of Byzantine scholarship Church of St. Theodore Megistis Lavras - one of 20 monasteries on the island of Mount Athos

St. Mark’s, Venice Refugees from the barbarian hordes crossed the Adriatic lagoons to create Venice. St. Mark’s is a Greek-cross, five-domed church based on Justinian’s Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople The magnificent facade has three tiers of semicircular shapes with 5 deep-set doorways between a two-tier paling of little pillars; five rounded gable ends with ogee eyebrows

St. Mark’s Venice Lead covered domes with garlic-bulb finials. Inside, it is entirely sheathed in a molten skin of gold mosaic

Ani Cathedral, Armenia Ani, capital of Armenia, was once the city of a thousand churches; now abandoned to grassland Reconstruction

Ani Cathedral, Armenia

Santa Sophia, Kiev The Russian contribution to the Byzantine style is the onion dome which swells outward before curving inward. Santa Sophia was originally built with one large dome and 12 smaller apostle domes but was elaborated with extra aisles and domes

St. Basil’s, Moscow Built by Ivan the Terrible in 1550 A cluster of smaller domes surrounds the central dome The many-coloured tiling was added in the 17th century

St. Basil’s, Moscow