Library Tech and Biz Update #internetlibrarian  Marshall Breeding Independent Consultant, Author, and Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding Internet Librarian 2015  28 October 2015

Description The success of libraries depends to a large extent on the technology tools that it has in place to manage and provide access to collections and to automate operations. Breeding discusses the current library technology industry, highlighting the major trends in systems and the companies that develop and support these tools.

Library Technology Guides www.librarytechnology.org

Business and Industry Trends

Library Technology Industry Reports American Libraries Library Journal 2013: Rush to Innovate 2012: Agents of Change 2011: New Frontier 2010: New Models, Core Systems 2009: Investing in the Future 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil 2007: An industry redefined 2006: Reshuffling the deck 2005: Gradual evolution 2004: Migration down, innovation up 2003: The competition heats up 2002: Capturing the migrating customer 2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation 2015: Operationalizing Innovation

Library Systems Report 2015 “Operationalizing innovation” http://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2015/05/01/library-systems-report/

Industry Revenues $1.8 billion global industry $805 million from companies involved in the US $495 million from US Libraries

Business Climate Generally growing and profitable Able to attract interest of large risk-adverse investors Long-term prospects matter more than short-term profitability Ex Libris speculated to have lower profitability due to higher R&D costs, but deemed a good long-term investment

Ownership models Private Equity Family owned Membership owned Innovative (HCCG, JMI) SirsiDynix (ICV) Family owned Follett EBSCO ProQuest (Snyder / Goldman Sachs) Ex Libris – A ProQuest Company Membership owned OCLC

Mergers and Acquisitions http://librarytechnology.org/mergers

Personnel Resources 2014

Innovative Interfaces, Inc. Transition from founder to Investor ownership Global expansion Acquisition of Polaris Acquisition of VTLS Evolutionary development model

SirsiDynix Product of decades of consolation of directly competing ILS Companies: Sirsi > Dynix > DRA > Inlex > MultiLIS > NOTIS > Ameritech > epixtech > DataPhase Transition of ownership: Vista Equity Partners > ICV Hybrid development: Legacy + BLUEcloud

Bibliotheca acquires 3M Library Services Intellident (UK) Bibliotheca RFID (Europe) ITG (US) Aturis Group (Belgium, Netherlands, Germany) MultiSystems (partnership in Brazil) 3M Library Services

Bibliotheca e-book strategy Continue and rebrand 3M Cloud Library Fold nascent opus into Cloud Library Expand from US to International Overdrive still dominant provider of library e-books

Trend: Increased vertical integration Companies offer ever more broad scope of products and services

Overlap between Content and Technology Content companies ever more deeply extended into resource management and discovery technologies Technology companies involved in content creation and integration E-resource Knowledgebases (Journal level) Discovery indexes (Article level) Content companies well positioned to create knowledge bases and indexes

Acquisition of Ex Libris by ProQuest Still primarily a content company Full arsenal of resource management products (“workflow solutions”) Alma Intota Analytics 360 Suite (core, Link) Discovery Services Primo Summon

ProQuest Database creation and aggregation ProQuest Platform Print acquisition pipeline: Couts, MyiLibrary Academic E-books: ebrary + EBL = Ebook Central Discovery Technology: Summon Resource management 360 Resource Manager 360 Link Intota (Print + electronic)

EBSCO Information Services Subject Indexing: EBSCO databases Content aggregation: EBSCOhost platform Discovery Technology: EBSCO Discovery Service Print acquisition pipeline: YBP, GOBI3 Serials Acquisition pipeline EBSCO Subscription Services E-books (academic) Resource management / workflow strategy Integrate with all Library Management Systems

Open source and Open Access Open source development of platform services Open source infrastructure components Open APIs to expose platform services Knowledge base components Open access Community maintained Adequately resourced

Open Systems Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies Libraries need to do more with their data Ability to improve customer experience and operational efficiencies Demand for Interoperability Open source – full access to internal program of the application Open API’s – expose programmatic interfaces to data and functionality

Open Source Automation Systems Koha smaller public and academic libraries Used for some consortia (SKLS) Evergreen Designed for Library Consortia Kuali OLE Designed for large research libraries

Development Timeline for Library Services Platforms

Changing models of Resource Sharing

Integrated Library System Search: Bibliographic Database Library System Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Patrons use Circulation features to request items from other branches Model: Multi-branch Independent Library System Floating Collections may reduce workload for Inter-branch transfers

Consortial Resource Sharing System Search: Bibliographic Database Library System A Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Bibliographic Database Library System D Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility NCIP Resource Sharing Application Bibliographic Database Discovery and Request Management Routines Staff Fulfillment Tools Inter-System Communications NCIP SIP ISO ILL Z39.50 NCIP Bibliographic Database Library System B Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Bibliographic Database Library System E Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility NCIP NCIP Bibliographic Database Library System C Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Bibliographic Database Library System F Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility NCIP NCIP

Bibliographic Database Shared Consortial ILS Search: Bibliographic Database Shared Consortia System Library 2 Library 3 Library 4 Library 5 Library 7 Library 8 Library 9 Library 10 Holdings Library 1 Library 6 Model: Multiple independent libraries in a Consortium Share an ILS ILS configured To support Direct consortial Borrowing through Circulation Module

Benefits of shared infrastructure Increased cooperation and resource sharing Collaborative collection management Lower costs per institution Greater universe of content readily available to patrons Avoid add-on components for union catalog and resource requests and routing

Shared infrastructure Projects Orbis Cascade WHELF South Australia Ireland Public Libraries JULAC California State University University System of Georgia Complete Florida Plus Program University of Wisconsin system

Library and Tech Trends

Fundamental trends in Academic Libraries Increased diversity and complexity of collections: Electronic, Digital, Print Collection budgets skewed toward subscriptions to electronic content resources (~70-95%) Personnel resources disproportionately allocated to supporting print Demand for strong integration with campus infrastructure (Authentication, Financial, Student, VLE) Involvement with Research Data Emphasis on role in student learning performance Increase impact and lower costs through collaboration

Academic Tech Trends Comprehensive Resource Management Library Services Platforms Article-level index-based discovery Discoverability beyond library-provided interfaces Open Linked Data; Schema.org, BIBFRAME, API ecosystem Declining, but targeted investments in RFID

Public Library Trends Print collections remain strong Circ transactions many multiples higher than academics Collection Budgets skewed toward print E-book lending a routine service Minority component of collection budget Deep satisfaction with pricing and business models offered by publishers

Public Tech Trends Model of the Library Management system persists Gradual evolution toward Web-based interfaces No current offerings based on true multi-tenant platforms Programs and services designed to strengthen patron engagement Hosted: Managed services RFID-based self-service routine for mid-sized to large public libraries (uneven by international region)

E-book lending High demand for integration technologies E-book lending fully blended within the library’s own online catalog or discovery interface Simple selection, download, and reading of e- books Librarians demand fair pricing models Publishers continue to fear impact on sales Impose policies that create more friction

Functionality Trends

Legacy: Fragmented Environment Integrated Library System for management of (mostly) print Duplicative financial systems between library and university Electronic Resource Management E-Resource knowledge base and Link Resolver A-Z e-journal lists and other finding aids Interlibrary loan (borrowing and lending) Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.) Separate systems for archival materials and special collections Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

Cycles of fragmentation > unification Early Phase: Modular automation Integrated Library Systems Proliferation of systems to manage electronic resources and digital collections Current unification phase: library services platforms bring together print and electronic resource management Next phase? Bring archival and digital assets under common management platform

Library Services Platform Library-specific software. Technical infrastructure to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services Services Services-oriented architecture Exposes Web services and other API’s Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users Platform General infrastructure for library automation Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data

Library Services Platforms – Functional Manages electronic and print formats of materials Replaces multiple incumbent products Extensive Metadata Management Multiple procurement workflows Knowledgebases Built-in collection analytics Decision support for collection development

Library Services Platforms – Technical Beyond Client/Server Computing Multi-tenant platforms Web-based interfaces Services-oriented architecture Exposes APIs for extensibility and interoperability Interoperable

New Library Management Model Consolidated index Unified Presentation Layer Search: Digital Coll ProQuest EBSCO … JSTOR Other Resources Self-Check / Automated Return ` API Layer Library Services Platform Discovery Service Stock Management Enterprise Resource Planning Smart Cad / Payment systems Learning Management Authentication Service

Library Services Platform Installations Production installations as of December 2014 Product Installations 2014 Sales Sierra 495 123 Alma 406 43 WorldShare Management Services 303 79 Kuali OLE 2 10 Intota 21

Web-scale Index-based Discovery ILS Data Web-scale Index-based Discovery (2009- present) Digital Collections Search: Web Site Content Institutional Repositories Search Results Aggregated Content packages Consolidated Index … E-Journals Your title is covered up with the ILS data content – DISCO instead of Discovery Usage-generated Data Customer Profile Reference Sources Pre-built harvesting and indexing

Discovery Service Statistics Discovery Product 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Installed EBSCO Discovery Service 1774 2634 8246 Primo 506 111 101 98 88 1529 Encore 56 72   36 Summon 164 214 158 195 697 WorldCat Discovery 2085

Resource Management Models Category Integrated Library System Progressive integrated library System Library Services Platform Resources managed Physical Print, electronic Electronic, Physical Technology platform Server-based Multi-tenant SaaS Knowledgebases None e-holdings, bibliographic Patron interfaces Browser-based Staff interfaces Graphical Desktop (Java Swing, Windows, Mac OS) Procurement models Purchase Purchase, license license Hosting option Local install, ASP Saas Only Interoperability Batch transfer, proprietary API Batch transfer, RESTful APIs, APIs (mostly RESTful) Products SirsiDynix Symphony, Millennium, Polaris Sierra, SirsiDynix Symphony/BLUEcloud, Polaris, Apollo WorldShare Management Services, Alma, ProQuest Intota, Sierra, Kuali OLE Development strategy Brownfield Greenfield (mixed)

Web-scale Index-based Discovery ILS Data Web-scale Index-based Discovery (2009- present) Digital Collections Search: Web Site Content Institutional Repositories Search Results Aggregated Content packages Consolidated Index … E-Journals Your title is covered up with the ILS data content – DISCO instead of Discovery Usage-generated Data Customer Profile Reference Sources Pre-built harvesting and indexing

Discovery Beyond Library-provided Interfaces Reality that most discovery happens external to library Improve discoverability of library resources Locally: through incorporation of SEO and semantic encoding Especially schema.org Globally: OCLC, Google Scholar and other services

Discovery beyond Library Interfaces Improved performance of library content through Google Scholar Same expectations for transparency? Better exposure of library-oriented content Schema.org or other microdata formats Better exposure of scholarly resources Open access & Proprietary Embedded tools in other campus interfaces

Developing Ecosystems of APIs Strategically and operationally essential for platforms to be extensible and interoperable APIs provide technical mechanism Accessibly by library or campus programmers

APIs as Competitively differentiating factor Functional scope Documentation and training License Model Community or Development Environment

Library Technologies Penetrating into the Campus Enterprise Dynamic interchange of data with campus business systems Patron records from Student information systems Financial data to ERP or Finance systems Single sign-on via campus authentication services Integration with Learning Management Systems Resource pages at the course level Appropriately scoped search tools Reading list management

Defense of Patron Privacy Library ethics require protection of patron privacy Avoid exposing reading, browsing, and search behavior of patrons Increased expectation to encrypt all patron activity Avoid exposure to advertising networks

Library Technologists Shifting from Infrastructure to services Less time devoted to general technical infrastructure: network and server hardware, operating systems, security frameworks, application installation and maintenance More time devoted to developing new services based on APIs exposed by library and campus platforms

Conclusions General Society and Scholarly environment has changed Library collections now more complex than ever Fragmented environments and legacy applications have negative impact on a library’s ability to fulfill its mission Library services platforms and index-based discovery services now routine and maturing products These components provide a basic infrastructure to build a new future for technology-based library services

Questions and discussion