DNA and RNA The Code of Life The Human Genome Project 8

Review/Explain: Types of Nucleic Acids What are the two types of nuclei acids? Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) – Single Stranded Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Double Helix –(Twisted Ladder) 7

DNA Deoxyribose Sugar Base Pairs A-T G-C Phosphate-sugar backbone Most Importantly--- –Contains the Code for ALL the Proteins in the Body 6

RNA Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Sugar + Phosphate Backbone Differs from DNA –Single Stranded –Ribose Sugar –Base Pairs A-U, G-C –A, U no T’s in RNA RNA assists DNA in manufacturing needed proteins 5

Questions Name one difference between DNA and RNA. –DNA – Double Helix, RNA – Single Stranded –DNA --- A-T, RNA ---A-U –DNA ---Deoxyribose Sugar, RNA---Ribose What is a similarity of DNA and RNA? –G binds with C in both DNA and RNA –Both have sugar and phosphate backbone 4

Practice On your paper, complete the missing DNA strand by adding the complementary bases. A T C G T T G C C A T C T A G C A A C G G T A G Make the complementary RNA strand for the single strand of DNA below: A A T C A T C A C G T T U U A G U A G U G C A A 3

DNA to RNA What changes would you have to make to DNA in order to change it into an RNA molecule? T - U 2

DNA What is the Main Job of DNA? Codes for proteins produced by organisms What are the basic units or monomers of DNA? Nucleotides make up DNA. Where is DNA found? Mostly in the nucleus of a cell making up chromosomes. 1

RNA What is the Main Job of RNA? It retrieves the protein code from DNA and carry out the processes needed to produce proteins. What are the basic units or monomers of DNA? Nucleotides Where is RNA found? It is found both inside and outside of the nucleus. 0