CHAPTER 23 JAZZ AGE

Section 1 Boom Times

OBJECTIVES Evaluate how the economic boom affected consumers and American businesses Examine how the assembly line spurred the growth of the automobile industry Explain how widespread automobile use affected the daily lives of many Americans Discuss how American industries encouraged changes in consumer practices

ECONOMIC BOOM FOR CONSUMERS AND BUSINESSES Economic prosperity – led to wage increases for workers Workers – increased their purchasing power – created a market for new products More electrical appliances

ASSEMBLY LINE AND THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY Assembly line cut production time and costs Manufacturers were able to reduce car prices – this allowed greater numbers of consumers to buy cars

FORD CHANGED WORKING CONDITIONS IN THE 1920’S Developed the assembly line Shortened the work day Increased wages

AUTOMOBILE’S AFFECTS ON DAILY LIFE THE AMERICANS Linked rural areas to urban areas Contributed to the growth of suburbs Replaced horse-drawn vehicles Reduced the use of the trains/trolley cars New social opportunities for teenagers

Horse-drawn vehicle was replaced

Henry Ford’s Model T

CHANGES IN CONSUMER PRACTICES Installment buying – making monthly payments Advertising – magazines, newspapers, billboards, and radio Retail chain stores – A & P Grocery chain store

SECTION 2 Life in the 1920’s

OBJECTIVES Analyze the impact prohibition had on crime Describe the characteristics of the new youth culture Explain how new forms of popular entertainment created a mass culture Examine what the Scopes trial and the religious movement of the 1920’d revealed about American society

IMPACT OF PROHIBITION ON CRIME Passage of the 18th Amendment (Prohibition) in 1919 Volstead Act (enforced the 18th Amendment) Speakeasies (bars) Bootleggers (alcohol smuggled in from Canada, Mexico, West Indies) Al Capone (Chicago mobster) Eliot Ness (Prohibition Bureau special agent) Untouchables (Ness and his detectives) 21st Amendment (Repealed Prohibition in 1933)

IMPACT OF PROHIBITION ON CRIME Passage of the 18th Amendment (Prohibition) in 1919

Prohibition from 1919 to 1933 (18th Amendment)

Prohibition from 1919 to 1933

IMPACT OF PROHIBITION ON CRIME Volstead Act (enforced the 18th Amendment)

Volstead Act Enforced Prohibition

IMPACT OF PROHIBITION ON CRIME Speakeasies (bars)

Speakeasy was an illegal bar during Prohibition

IMPACT OF PROHIBITION ON CRIME Bootleggers (alcohol smuggled in from Canada, Mexico, West Indies)

Bootleggers and their equipment to make moonshine

IMPACT OF PROHIBITION ON CRIME Al Capone (Chicago mobster)

Gangster “Scarface” Al Capone

St. Valentine’s Day Massacre

IMPACT OF PROHIBITION ON CRIME Eliot Ness (Prohibition Bureau special agent)

Eliot Ness Prohibition Bureau Special Agent

IMPACT OF PROHIBITION ON CRIME Untouchables (Ness and his detectives)

(Ness and his detectives) The Untouchables (Ness and his detectives)

IMPACT OF PROHIBITION ON CRIME 21st Amendment (Repealed Prohibition in 1933)

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NEW YOUTH Women seeking social and economic independence Participated in sports Held jobs College life’s fashions Leisure activities in college

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NEW YOUTH Dress of the females changed (wore shorter skirts and silk nylons) Wore bobbed hair

Bobbed hair in the 1920’s

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NEW YOUTH Flappers were women that did not conform to society (had bobbed hair, drove cars, smoked in public, and participated in sports)

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NEW YOUTH New jobs for the women (ran telegraph lines, stenographers, flew airplanes, hauled freight in trucks, nurses, teachers, etc)

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NEW YOUTH Collegiate look for the youth was baggy flannel shirts and sport jackets

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NEW YOUTH Leisure activities (dance marathons, beauty contests, and flagpole sitters)

Women in Sports

College Life in the 1920’s

NEW FORMS OF POPULAR ENTERTAINMENT Radio – KDKA in Pittsburgh/WWJ in Detroit NBC (National Broadcasting Company)

Radio – KDKA at Pittsburgh in 1920

MOVIES Silent films ended in 1927 First “talkie” film – Jazz singer

Movie Theatre

FOOTBALL

Red Grange – Football for the Chicago Bears

“Shoeless” Joe Jackson Baseball – Chicago White Sox World Series Scandal

Babe Ruth – New York Yankees “Sultan of Swat”

Lou Gehrig - New York Yankees ALS disease

Ty Cobb – Baseball Detroit Tigers

Jim Thorpe – Olympian Professional BB and FB star

CHARLES LINDBERGH Minnesotan 1927 he flew the Spirit of St. Louis from NY to Paris ($25,000 prize) 33.5 hours

Charles Lindbergh and son

Amelia Earhart Flew across the Atlantic in 1928 First female to fly across the Atlantic in 1928

Amelia Earhart 1937 she attempted to fly a plane around the world. The plane went down some 35-100 miles off the coast of Howland Island (SW of Hawaii)

Amelia Earhart

SCOPES TRIAL/RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT John Scopes – teacher Creation vs. Evolution Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution Guilty - fined $100 Deep division between traditional religious values and new values based on scientific ways of thought

John Scopes

SECTION 3 A Creative Era

OBJECTIVES Explain how the jazz and blues became popular nationwide. Describe how the writers of the Lost Generation portrayed American life.

JAZZ AND BLUES Originated in the south by African Americans Popular nationwide as musicians moved to the north White musicians begin to play this music Jazz Clubs open throughout the U.S. Big Bands popularized jazz as dance music

WRITERS OF THE LOST GENERATION WW I VETERANS Ernest Hemingway – showed the devastation and uselessness of war

WRITERS OF THE LOST GENERATION WW I VETERANS F. Scott Fitzgerald – revealed about the wealthy college students bored by fast living

WRITERS OF THE LOST GENERATION – WW I VETERANS Sinclair Lewis – discussed the emptiness and conformity of middle-class life

Ernest Hemingway Key West Home

Hemmingway’s Book about WWI

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Rags to riches story suspected of illegal bootlegging

Sinclair Lewis

Satire on American culture