Chapter 6.1 Continued Ch 6.2 Question of the day

Fighting in New York General William Howe- is leading 32,000 British troops hoping the sheer size of his army would force the Patriots to give up General William Howe- is leading 32,000 British troops hoping the sheer size of his army would force the Patriots to give up He was wrong He was wrong

Long Island 20,000 Patriot troops are outnumbered almost 2:1 20,000 Patriot troops are outnumbered almost 2:1 They suffer a serious defeat as the British have a more strategic line of attack They suffer a serious defeat as the British have a more strategic line of attack

An American Icon One patriot, Proves himself an American hero- One patriot, Proves himself an American hero- Nathan Hale, a spy and former teacher from Connecticut acts as a Dutch schoolteacher Nathan Hale, a spy and former teacher from Connecticut acts as a Dutch schoolteacher His true identity as a Patriot Spy is revealed and he is hanged His true identity as a Patriot Spy is revealed and he is hanged “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country” “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country”

Low Point Autumn of 1776; Patriot forces are low on supplies Autumn of 1776; Patriot forces are low on supplies No shoes, no socks, no blankets or jackets No shoes, no socks, no blankets or jackets Deserters- soldiers who run away, are at an all time high due to the horrific conditions Deserters- soldiers who run away, are at an all time high due to the horrific conditions

Thomas Paine The Crisis- a pamphlet written to boost lagging spirits after the Continental Army’s defeat at Long Island The Crisis- a pamphlet written to boost lagging spirits after the Continental Army’s defeat at Long Island “These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will in this crisis shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.” “These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will in this crisis shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.”

African Americans join the Fight Washington wanted free African Americans to join the Army Washington wanted free African Americans to join the Army Southern states banned that from happening due to their fear of a revolt Southern states banned that from happening due to their fear of a revolt Some states ignored the ban-5,000 Africans joined the fight Some states ignored the ban-5,000 Africans joined the fight

Among them were Peter Salem and Lemuel Hayes- African American Revolutionary War Heroes who fought at Concord Among them were Peter Salem and Lemuel Hayes- African American Revolutionary War Heroes who fought at Concord Other African Americans fought to earn their freedom; some ran away from their slave owners to fight Other African Americans fought to earn their freedom; some ran away from their slave owners to fight

British settle in Trenton and Princeton planning to rest British settle in Trenton and Princeton planning to rest Washington sees an opportunity to catch them off guard Washington sees an opportunity to catch them off guard He crosses the icy Delaware on Christmas night 1776 and defeats the British troops He crosses the icy Delaware on Christmas night 1776 and defeats the British troops

British plan for Victory: A three-pronged attack A three-pronged attack - Burgoyne would lead troops south from Canada - Leger would move west from Ontario - Howe would move north from New York City

Essential Questions: How was the victory at Saratoga a turning point in the war? How was the victory at Saratoga a turning point in the war? Who was Bernardo de Galvez? Who was Bernardo de Galvez? Why were there so many American Deserters at Valley Forge? Why were there so many American Deserters at Valley Forge? What caused inflation to occur? What caused inflation to occur?

The War Continues The American victory at Saratoga marked a turning point in the war The American victory at Saratoga marked a turning point in the war European nations finally realized that America might actually win the war European nations finally realized that America might actually win the war France and other British enemies began to join the fight with the Americans France and other British enemies began to join the fight with the Americans

Gaining Allies Ben Franklin went to Paris in 1777 to persuade the French to join the patriot cause Ben Franklin went to Paris in 1777 to persuade the French to join the patriot cause France agreed to give America money discretely, but did not agree to be an ally France agreed to give America money discretely, but did not agree to be an ally In Feb 1778, France openly announced support for the US and worked out a trade agreement; Later that year, France, too, declared war on Britain In Feb 1778, France openly announced support for the US and worked out a trade agreement; Later that year, France, too, declared war on Britain

Other European nations joined b/c they also hated Britain Spain declared war on Britain in 1779 although it didn’t recognize Americas independence Spain declared war on Britain in 1779 although it didn’t recognize Americas independence Bernardo de Galvez- Spanish governor of Louisiana lent guns and money to the Americans Bernardo de Galvez- Spanish governor of Louisiana lent guns and money to the Americans The Netherlands also declared war and sent money as well The Netherlands also declared war and sent money as well

A Difficult Winter Word of the French-American alliance did not reach the US until late Spring 1778 Word of the French-American alliance did not reach the US until late Spring 1778 Britain was in Philadelphia, comfortable and warm Britain was in Philadelphia, comfortable and warm Washington and the troops were suffering terribly—no food, shelter or clothing—in Valley Forge, PA Washington and the troops were suffering terribly—no food, shelter or clothing—in Valley Forge, PA

It was most difficult to keep the Army together It was most difficult to keep the Army together Many men deserted the troops at Valley Forge due to the horrific conditions Many men deserted the troops at Valley Forge due to the horrific conditions As spring approached, conditions got better and the army once again grew As spring approached, conditions got better and the army once again grew

Help From Overseas Marquis de Lafayette- French nobleman and soldier who had spent the winter at Valley Forge Marquis de Lafayette- French nobleman and soldier who had spent the winter at Valley Forge He was inspired by America’s fight for independence and went to help, despite the restriction by King Louis XIV He was inspired by America’s fight for independence and went to help, despite the restriction by King Louis XIV Others came to help including Pilaski, von Steuben and de Miralles (page 173) Others came to help including Pilaski, von Steuben and de Miralles (page 173)

Money Problems The Continental Congress had no way to raise taxes or collect money to fund the war The Continental Congress had no way to raise taxes or collect money to fund the war Instead they printed more money Instead they printed more money The money had little to no value because there was no gold or silver reserves to back it—this is called inflation The money had little to no value because there was no gold or silver reserves to back it—this is called inflation

Life on the Home Front Women took over the traditionally male occupations Women took over the traditionally male occupations Abigail Adams managed a farm; Betsy Ross, sewed a flag for George Washington Abigail Adams managed a farm; Betsy Ross, sewed a flag for George Washington Judith Sargeant Murry argued women should have as good as an education as men Judith Sargeant Murry argued women should have as good as an education as men

Treatment of Loyalists Loyalists acted as spys Loyalists acted as spys Many flrd back to England or to Spanish Flordia Many flrd back to England or to Spanish Flordia Sometimes they were shunned by their Patriot neighbors Sometimes they were shunned by their Patriot neighbors

The Question of Slavery Many argued that all Americans should be free and independent Many argued that all Americans should be free and independent Others steered away from the question of equality Others steered away from the question of equality The issue of slavery remained unaddressed for many years The issue of slavery remained unaddressed for many years

THE END