DIGITAL LANGUAGE 0110101001101010100100101010101010010010101

DIGITAL WORDS bit: binary digit 1 or 0 binary language 2

1 bit = 2 values ON 1

1 bit = 2 values

4 bit word (nybble) = 16 possibilities 42 0000 0101 1010 0001 0110 1011 0010 0111 1100 0011 1000 1101 0100 1001 1110 1111 4 bit word (nybble) = 16 possibilities 42

8 4 2 1

BYTE (by eight)= 256 possibilities 28

BYTE 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 TOTAL 256 possibilities 255 + 1 (all 0s)

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 X O X X X X X O = ? 65 O = on X = off

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 O O X O O X X X = ? 180

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 X X X X X X X X = ? 0 = white

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 O O O O O O O O = ? 255 TOTAL POSSIBILITIES = 256

1 bit = a 1 or 0 (b) 4 bits = 1 nybble ( 1 bit = a 1 or 0 (b) 4 bits = 1 nybble (?) 8 bits = 1 byte (B) 1024 bytes = 1 Kilobyte (KB) 1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte (MB) 1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte (GB) 1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte (TB)

- kilo, meaning 1,000. (one thousand) 10^3 (Kilometer, 1,000 meters) - mega, meaning 1,000,000. (one million) 10^6 (Megawatt, 1,000,000 watts) - giga, meaning 1,000,000,000 (one billion) 10^9 (Gigawatt, 1,000,000,000 watts) - tera, meaning 1,000,000,000,000 (one trillion) 10^12

wikipedia

* 2-bit color (2² = 4 colors) * 3-bit color (2³ = 8 colors)

* 8-bit color (28 = 256 colors) * 12-bit color (212 = 4,096 colors)

1 bit 2 colors 1 bit 2 colors

2 bits 4 colors

4 bits 16 colors

8 bits 256 colors

16 bits 32,768 colors

32 bits 16.7 million colors

X X = or or 1 2 = 1 or or X O 3 O X = 2 or or 4 = 3 or or O O

MIDI 16 MIDI channels MIDI events note on = 001 note off = 000 MIDI range notes = 128 pan = 128 volume = 128

Musical Instrument Digital Interface MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface

MIDI cables are serial, which only allows for bits to be transmitted one after another, in one direction.

closed loop in 0001010000110000010100000000000000111110101010 out 11010101001010000010100000000000000111110101010

STATUS BYTE MIDI CHANNEL O MIDI EVENT INDICATOR BIT

DATA BYTE X 7 bits = 128 possibilities INDICATOR BIT

X O X O O O O O O O O O O O O O X X X X X X X X O DATA BYTE STATUS BYTE DATA BYTE X O X O O O O O O O O O O O O O X X X X X X X X O VELOCITY VALUE 128 = fff NOTE VALUE 64 = middle E MIDI EVENT note on MIDI CHANNEL ?

Polyphonic key pressure 010 Control change 011 Program change 100 MIDI COMMANDS BIT REPRESENTATION Note off 000 Note on 001 Polyphonic key pressure 010 Control change 011 Program change 100 Channel pressure (aftertouch) 101 Pitch bend 110 O X X MIDI EVENT note on

42 O O O O channel 1 = piano channel 2 = horn channel 3 = bagpipe etc. through 16 MIDI CHANNEL # 42

128 notes 128 volume levels 128 patches/programs DATA BYTE 128 values 128 notes 128 volume levels 128 patches/programs 128 pan positions (l-r)

Hexadecimal Since binary numbers can get unwieldy when using large words, hexadecimal notation is often used to represent the values. Hexadecimal represents 16 states from 0 to 15 using sixteen symbols 0-9 and A-F. Each word is broken into 4-bit nibbles.

So a digital word such as 0001101111110100 0000 = 0 0101 = 5 1010 = A 0001 = 1 0110 = 6 1011 = B 0010 = 2 0111 = 7 1100 = C 0011 = 3 1000 = 8 1101 = D 0100 = 4 1001 = 9 1110 = E 1111 = F Hex shorthand for nibbles So a digital word such as 0001101111110100 Would be represented in hexadecimal notation as: 1 B F 4 0001101111110100