Power Protection Stowe Australia Welcomes QESTnet Data Centre Construction Workshop Seminar Stowe Australia Welcomes QESTnet Data Centre Construction Workshop Seminar

Today’s presenter: Today’s presenter: Michael Lucyk Michael Lucyk Stowe Australia Stowe Australia Power Protection Account Manager Power Protection Account Manager

A Power Protection system is a critical tool in minimizing Business Continuity risk -  Manages power quality  Provides support in the event of power interruption  Reduces the risk of disruption to critical business processes  Reduces the risk of lost productivity  Reduces the risk of economic loss  Reduces the risk of disruption to customer service & loss of business Power Protection & Business Continuity

Growing Need for Power Protection UPS power is typically used to support IT infrastructure -  Computer Rooms; Data Centres; Trading Floors; Call Centres; General Office Other Applications include –  Industrial Control Systems; Security Systems Two major issues are driving use of UPS -

Growing Need For Power Protection Degradation Of Power Quality Degradation Of Power Quality  Lack of investment in power infrastructure by power utility companies.  Reduction in electrical network maintenance to reduce cost. This decreases the reliability of the power network  Onus onto the end user to provide performance requirements to suit their needs.

Growing Need For Power Protection Increasing Demand For Quality Power By The End User  The use of microprocessor based equipment in day to day office business activities requires the continuous availability of quality power to avoid damage to critical equipment.  The use of microprocessor based equipment in manufacturing processes requires protection from outages to avoid unplanned & uncontrolled downtime.

Advantages of UPS Power Protection Against Power Interruption The primary function of the UPS is to protect the downstream equipment from power fluctuations -  Sags or dips in voltage  Total absence of incoming voltage which can last milliseconds or minutes.

Advantages of UPS Power Sample of 7 Days Mains Power

Key UPS Components Mode of Operation  Normal UPS Operation  Bypass Operation  Battery Operation  True On Line UPS (Double Conversion)  Line Interactive UPS Introduction To The UPS

INPUT SUPPLY Key UPS Components RESERVE (BYPASS) SUPPLY INTERNAL BYPASS SUPPLY RECTIFER INVERTER RESERVE STATIC SWITCH INVERTER STATIC SWITCH BATTERIES

Rectifier Rectifiers performance is typically qualified as 6 or 12 pulse. This determines the type of current reflected into the mains supply. A 12 pulse produces less “harmonic” or non linear current into the mains supply. PWM IGBT Inverter PWM stands for “Pulse Width Modulation”. This is the “State of the Art” inverter switching technology used to recreate the AC waveform from the DC supply. The power module used in the inverter bridge is called an Insulate Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT). Battery Design Life (Sealed Lead Acid) The battery quality is determined by the “Battery Design Life”. Lower rated UPS systems (< 10kVA) use 5 year design life batteries. Larger UPS systems typically use 10 year design life batteries and in some cases up to 15 years design life. UPS Performance Terminology

6 Pulse Current Waveform 12 Pulse Current Waveform

INPUT SUPPLY Modes of Operation Normal - Online RESERVE (BYPASS) SUPPLY INTERNAL BYPASS SUPPLY RECTIFER INVERTER RESERVE STATIC SWITCH INVERTER STATIC SWITCH BATTERIES

INPUT SUPPLY Modes of Operation Bypass (Reserve) RESERVE (BYPASS) SUPPLY INTERNAL BYPASS SUPPLY RECTIFER INVERTER RESERVE STATIC SWITCH INVERTER STATIC SWITCH BATTERIES

INPUT SUPPLY Modes of Operation Battery Operation RESERVE (BYPASS) SUPPLY INTERNAL BYPASS SUPPLY RECTIFER INVERTER RESERVE STATIC SWITCH INVERTER STATIC SWITCH BATTERIES

INPUT SUPPLY True On line Technology RESERVE (BYPASS) SUPPLY INTERNAL BYPASS SUPPLY RECTIFER INVERTER RESERVE STATIC SWITCH INVERTER STATIC SWITCH BATTERIES

True On Line UPS (Double Conversion) Advantages Continuous Regulation Of Output Voltage & Frequency The load is supplied with conditioned power at all times. Higher Reliability UPS internal components are in continuous operation. The internal components are not in stand by operation to support the critical load.Disadvantages Efficiency There is a cost of ownership due to heat losses

INPUT SUPPLY Line Interactive UPS RESERVE (BYPASS) SUPPLY INTERNAL BYPASS SUPPLY RECTIFER INVERTER RESERVE STATIC SWITCH INVERTER STATIC SWITCH BATTERIES

Interactive Technology (Stand By Mode) Advantages Efficiency Improved efficiency due to direct supply from mainsDisadvantages Non-Regulated Output Supply Direct mains supply exposes critical load to voltage & frequency variations Lower Reliability Internal components are rated for short term operation during power absences

Single UPS Parallel UPS Parallel Redundant (N+1) Independent Dual UPS (N+N) UPS Configurations

Single UPS (Single Input Supply) Typically for Lower rating UPS < 10kVA in single or three phase

Single UPS (Dual Input Supply) Typically for higher rating UPS > 10kVA three phase

Parallel UPS (2 units up) Load requires all UPS available for supply capacity All UPS can be considered as one UPS system

Parallel Redundant (N+1) (2 units up) Configuration allows for one UPS at a time to be isolated without removal of UPS supply. The maximum load permissible on the UPS system is determined by capacity remaining with the removal of a single UPS unit

Independent Dual UPS (N+N) Dual plane installations. (Dual Cord Technology) Higher reliability required and achieved due to duplication of all infrastructure to end equipment.

Purpose Facilitates transfer of output load UPS to an alternative supply source for UPS maintenance works or UPS replacement. Ensures no “LIVE” power is present on the UPS (OH&S). Key Features  Make before break changeover facility  Interlock facility with UPS to inhibit transferring between two sources which are not synchronized.  Changeover switch can have 1-4 poles. External Maintenance Bypass Introduction

Interlocking Systems Rotary Switches -  Electro-mechanical via a solenoid or blocking relay which inhibits the rotation of the switch. A push button enables the switch to rotate and simultaneously transfers the UPS to static bypass  Mechanical Interlock which inhibits the rotation of the switch. A push button enables the switch to rotate and simultaneously transfers the UPS to static bypass during the transfer operation. Circuit Breakers/ Switches -  Mechanical inter-lock via two Fortress/Castell keys located in UPS output switchboard and a third key connected into UPS system transfer control. The changeover circuit breakers cannot be closed without the keys present. External Maintenance Bypass Introduction

Rotary Wrap Around (3 Position) Rotary Changeover (2 position) Keyed Changeover External Maintenance Bypass Configurations

Rotary Wrap Around External Bypass Switch ADVANTAGES - Single supply required Typically installed for single or three phase UPS up to 10kVA DISADVANTAGES - 3 pole more expensive than 2 pole - Bypass and UPS share one supply

Rotary Changeover External Bypass Switch Typically installed for 3 phase UPS systems from 10kVA to 160kVA ADVANTAGES - Less expensive than a 3 position - Independent supply sources for UPS and Bypass DISADVANTAGES - Requires second supply source from switchboard

Recommended Design Two Position Rotary Switch Special feature - Safety interlock with maintenance bypass supply

Sample of a Two Position Switch

Typical Installation Utilized for large UPS systems with rating typically >160kVAReasons  It is more cost effective to use circuit breaker or isolators >250A.  Higher fault current rating  External maintenance bypass is incorporated into UPS Input/Output Switchboards. Keyed Change Over Bypass Switch

UPS “A” key when removed forcing UPS into Static Bypass “A” key inserted into “External Maintenance Bypass Switch “to allow it to close and trap key” “UPS Output Switch” opened releasing an “A” key to return to UPS system..

The Electrical Contractor is often the clients first port of call for power issues. Power problems can be complex in their nature and require well integrated solutions. It is recommended the UPS manufacturer designs, delivers and supports the resolution of these power issues. UPS Manufacturers ‘Power Solutions’

Stowe Australia Pty. Ltd Branch Locations Stowe Australia Pty. Ltd Offices Head Office: Rydalmere - Sydney Branch Offices: NSW: Sydney CBD Penrith Newcastle Wollongong Nowra Taree Port Macquarie QLD Brisbane – Eight Mile Plains Brisbane - CBD Gold Coast MacKay Victoria Melbourne ACT Canberra Business Partners in Australia: Adelaide Cairns Darwin Hobart Perth Townsville

Stowe Australia Pty. Ltd Credentials Power Protection  Fujitsu Data Centre – Eight Mile Plains – 250Kva UPS  Amcor Fle

Discussion Topics “Improving The Installation Process ” UPS Delivery & Positioning Cabling Information Cable Access Into UPS DC Cable & Battery Installation Communications & Interface Cables Commissioning Process