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Soil and Population Profiles Soil TexturePopulation Profiles What Plants Need World in Balance Misc Bonus Question: 5000 pts

Topic 1: 200 Question: What is soil texture? Answer The relative size of the mineral particles that make up the soil.

Topic 1: 400 Question: What are the three different words used to describe soil mineral (inorganic) particles? Answer Sand (largest), silt (medium), clay (smallest)

Topic 1: 600 Question: What type of soil texture has good nutrient- holding and water-holding capacity? Answer Clay (best), silt (good), sand (poor)

Topic 1: 800 Question: How does water-holding capacity relate to aeration? Answer As one goes up, the other goes down (inverse relationship).

Topic 1: 1000 Question: How does water-holding capacity relate to water infiltration? Answer Inverse relationship (sand lets water flow right through, doesn’t hold on to the water).

Topic 2: 200 Question: What does a population profile show? Answer The number of people in each age group in a country.

Topic 2: 400 Question: What does the population profile of a developing country like Kenya look like? Answer Pyramid

Topic 2: 600 Question: What does the population profile look like if a country’s TFR has been stable at replacement level fertility? Answer Column

Topic 2: 800 Question: What is the shape of a population profile in a country with a graying population? Answer Inverted pyramid (kite)

Topic 2: 1000 Question: What happens to the population profile in a country severely affected by the AIDS virus? Answer It loses a large number of working-age adults (gets a “waist”)

Topic 3: 200 Question: The ability of soil to hold on to nutrients Answer Nutrient-holding capacity

Topic 3: 400 Question: What 2 factors influence nutrient-holding capacity in soil? Answer Organic matter (humus) Particle size (small is better)

Topic 3: 600 Question: The ability of soil to hold on to water Answer Water-holding capacity

Topic 3: 800 Question: The property of soil that lets roots “breathe” Answer Aeration

Topic 3: 1000 Question: The relative acidity of soil Answer pH

Topic 4: 200 Question: In India, how are fertility and education related? Answer Inverse relationship

Topic 4: 400 Question: In sub-Saharan Africa, the age structure is such that even if TFR falls to 2 instantly, the population will double in this century. This is due to…. Answer Population momentum.

Topic 4: 600 Question: What can change the status of women in a country like India? Answer Access to education and job training

Topic 4: 800 Question: Describe the message of one family planning poster Answer Answer varies

Topic 4: 1000 Question: What are reasons that the poor in developing countries have large families? Answer Security in old age, infant mortality, helping hands, cost of education, status of women, lack of available contraception

Topic 5: 200 Question: The property of soil that describes how easy it is to cultivate Answer Workability…think about our clay soil

Topic 5: 400 Question: The process of soil being washed or blown away Answer Erosion

Topic 5: 600 Question: The 2 things lost from soil first when soil erodes are Answer Organic matter and small inorganic particles

Topic 5: 800 Question: Why does erosion lead to desertification? Answer The soil components lost first are the ones that contribute to water-holding capacity.

Topic 5: 1000 Question: What makes soil too salty? Answer Irrigation: dissolved salt is left behind when irrigation water evaporates.

Bonus Question: 5000 pts. Question: List 5 things that encourage fertility rates to decline Answer Security in old age, decreased infant/child mortality, universal education, opportunities for women, access to contraceptives