Uncle Tom’s Cabin -Harriet Beecher Stowe - Depicted evil side of slavery to the public “Uncle Tom” “Simon Legree” Angers South because shows South as un-Christian barbarians -1852, sold over a million copies Widely read in North

Kansas-Nebraska Act Popular Sovereignty passed as law in 1850 compromise to determine slavery -Rush to populate state with “voters” for each side -”Bleeding Kansas” Slavery and abolitionist forces resort to violence -A fight in the U.S. Senate Preston Brooks v.Charles Sumner Brooks beats Sumner with cane for criticizing South and his uncle “If the people of Kansas want a slaveholding state, let them have it, and if they want a free state they have a right to it…” Stephen Douglas

Sumner Brooks Incident “… a Senator from Massachusetts allowed himself, in an elaborately prepared speech, to offer a gross insult to my State, and to a venerable friend…Not content with that, he published to the world, and circulated extensively, this uncalled for libel on my State and my blood. Whatever insults my State insults me. Her history and character have commanded my pious veneration; and in her defense I hope I shall always be prepared, humbly and modestly, to perform the duty of a son...It was a personal affair, and in taking redress into my own hands I meant no disrespect to the Senate of the United States or to this House. Nor, sir, did I design insult or disrespect to the State of Massachusetts. Preston Brooks upon Resignation from the House

Dred Scott v. Sanford

-Scott is a slave -he is taken into free states -sues for freedom based on NW Ordinance and Missouri Compromise -Supreme Court (majority of southern justices) rules: Blacks are not citizens (they are property) Can’t ban slavery (no free states exist) Missouri Comp. is illegal.. The rights of private property have been guarded with... care. Thus the rights of property are united with the rights of person, and placed on the same ground by the fifth amendment to the Constitution, which provides that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, and property, without due process of law. And an act of Congress which deprives a citizen of the United States of his liberty or property, merely because he came himself or brought his property into a particular Territory of the United States, and who had committed no offence against the laws, could hardly be dignified with the name of due process of law. From Majority Opinion in Dred Scott v. Sanford

Development of Republican Party - Slavery had come to dominate the differences in the parties - By 1850 the differences had peaked so that anti-slavery Whigs, Democrats, and Free- Soilers formed a new anti- slavery party Republican Party - Official party policy was to oppose the growth of slavery where it did not exist.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates -Senate race in 1858 (Illinois) Stephen Douglas (Dem), Abraham Lincoln (Rep.) -Debate over slavery issues neither man wanted slavery in the area, but how to do it? -Douglas issues Freeport Doctrine Slavery needs certain laws in order to exist. Don’t pass those laws and there will be no slavery - Douglas wins the election, Lincoln gains national fame

John Brown’s Raid - John Brown was an extreme abolitionist - Captured Harper’s Ferry military installation in Virginia with intent to arm slaves - Surrounded and forced to surrender - Brown found guilty at trial and then hanged--becomes a martyr for many abolitionists (Seen as a criminal in the South) - Many Southerners thought Brown represented northerners who wanted to control the southern lifestyle and economy “I have, may it please the Court, a few words to say. In the first place, I deny everything but what I have all along admitted, of a design on my part to free slaves. John Brown

John Brown’s Body John Brown's body lies a-mold' ring in the grave John Brown's body lies a-mold' ring in the grave John Brown's body lies a-mold' ring in the grave His soul goes marching on Glory, Glory! Hallelujah! Glory, Glory! Hallelujah! Glory, Glory! Hallelujah! His soul is marching on He captured Harper's Ferry with his nineteen men so true He frightened old Virginia till she trembled through and through They hung him for a traitor, themselves the traitor crew His soul is marching on Glory, Glory! Hallelujah! Glory, Glory! Hallelujah! Glory, Glory! Hallelujah! His soul is marching on John Brown died that the slave might be free, John Brown died that the slave might be free, John Brown died that the slave might be free, But his soul is marching on! Glory, Glory! Hallelujah! Glory, Glory! Hallelujah! Glory, Glory! Hallelujah! His soul is marching on The stars above in Heaven are looking kindly down The stars above in Heaven are looking kindly down The stars above in Heaven are looking kindly down On the grave of old John Brown Glory, Glory! Hallelujah! Glory, Glory! Hallelujah! Glory, Glory! Hallelujah! His soul is marching on Battle Hymn of the Republic Mine eyes have seen the glory Of the coming of the Lord; He is trampling out the vintage Where the grapes of wrath are stored; He hath loosed the fateful lightning Of His terrible swift sword; His truth is marching on. (Chorus) I have seen Him in the watchfires Of a hundred circling camps They have builded Him an altar In the evening dews and damps; I can read His righteous sentence By the dim and flaring lamps; His day is marching on. (Chorus) I have read a fiery gospel writ In burnished rows of steel: "As ye deal with My condemners, So with you My grace shall deal": Let the Hero born of woman Crush the serpent with His heel, Since God is marching on. (Chorus) He has sounded forth the trumpet That shall never call retreat; He is sifting out the hearts of men Before His judgment seat; Oh, be swift, my soul, to answer Him; Be jubilant, my feet; Our God is marching on. (Chorus) In the beauty of the lilies Christ was born across the sea, With a glory in His bosom That transfigures you and me; As He died to make men holy, Let us die to make men free; While God is marching on. (Chorus)

Southern Secession election -Slavery divided the parties -Lincoln pledges to stop spread of slavery but not to interfere with the south -Douglas got support of Northern Democrats -John Breckinridge got southern Democrats -John Bell nominated by Constitutional Union Party

Lincoln’s Election -Lincoln wins election with no southern electoral votes -Southern states secede in fear of government where they have no voice -S.C. first to secede, 6 others follow - Confederate States of America formed before Lincoln takes office -Jefferson Davis elected Confederate President “The time for compromise has now passed.” Jefferson Davis “This country will be drenched in blood…The people of the North are not going to let the country be destroyed without a mighty effort to save it…Only in spirit and determination are you prepared for war. In all else you are totally unprepared.” William Tecumseh Sherman