Current 6-weeks Failures: 1 st :3 rd :5 th : (23)* (53)** (22) (50)***** (59) (61) (62) * (68)* (54) (54)** (56)* (67) (28) (14)***** (19)** (53)* (58)* (64) (59)** (63) (24)* (59)* 4 th : (48)** 2 nd : (66)* 7 th : (37)* (67) (60)** (49)**** (19)*** (41)*** (26)***** (65)*** (49)*** (54) (68)* (53)* (67) (58) (57) (63)** (65)*

Bellwork: 11/02/2012 Collect the following data: Salt Water Tanks Only: DO- Phosphate Turbidity- Salinity Nitrate- Calcium Nitrite- Water Hardness Ammonia pH temperature Make sure to clean out any excess food from your filter and gravel/sand. Scrub off the inside of the glass & clean the outside with Windex once you are finished.

Phylum Porifera

I. General Information Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Porifera Porifera = “pore bearer” Pink lumpy sponge Yellow barrel sponge

I. General Information Size range – 1 cm to 2 meters in diameter Giant Barrel sponges

II. Body Structure A.Ostia – pores – many, water IN B.Oscula – large opening(s), one or few, water OUT osculum

II. Body Structure C. Choanocytes – collar cells; have flagella D. Amoebocytes – transport food to layer of cells not on the surface

II. Body Structure E. Spicules – “skeleton” hard splinter-like; made of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) or silica (Si) F. Spongin – flexible protein

II. Body Structure F. Spongin – flexible protein

III. Level of organization A. Cellular B. Eukaryotic C. No tissues Japanese Deep Sea Sponge

IV. Symmetry A. Some asymetrical B. Some radial

V. Habitat Aquatic - A. Marine and B. Fresh-water Purple Rope sponge Fresh-water Sponge

VI. Feeding Heterotrophic Filter feeders Food trapped by choanocytes Intracellular digestion (within the cell) No digestive tract G F E D A B C

VI. Feeding –Water & food goes in via poroctye –Choanocytes trap food in spongocoel –Amoebocytes carry food to inner layer of cells –Water out osculum

VII. Respiration - via diffusion

VIII. Internal transport via diffusion

IX. Response NONE No Nervous System No cephalization Pipe organ sponge

X. Locomotion 1)Free- swimming larvae using cilia 2)Adults are non-mobile

XI. Reproduction 1.Asexual a.budding b. gemmules formed in stress conditions

XI. Reproduction 2. Sexual a. Most hermaphrodites (both sexes in same organism) - egg & sperm produced - cross fertilization - egg + sperm  free-swimming larvae

XI. Reproduction 2. Sexual: Some sponges are unisexual They produce either egg, OR sperm Sponge releasing sperm

XI. Reproduction

XII. Ecological Roles A.Habitat for other aquatic animals B. Food for some

XII. Ecological Roles C. Home use: bathing, cleaning, home improvement, other

XII. Ecological Roles

D. Medical research Sponges do not get cancer Why not? Maybe we can use what keeps them from getting cancer to treat humans. Compounds from sponges have been found to fight malaria and tuberculosis

Azure Vase Sponge

Giant Barrel Sponge

White Cryptic Sponge

Elephant Ear Sponge

Stove pipe sponge

Yellow Vase Sponges

Yellow Barrel Sponge

Red Branch Sponge

In a group of 2: 1)What are the functions of both the large and small holes in a sponge? 2)What do sponges filter from the water? 3)You are scuba diving in a coral reef and see a pretty Red Branch Sponge. You reach out and snap off one of the branches. What would be the response from the sponge and why? 4)What type of symbiotic relationship(s) will a sponge have with other organisms? 5)How is a natural sponge different than a synthetic sponge? What purposes would each serve for humans and why (Examples: showering, cleaning tile, washing your car)