CHAPTER 18: Amines & Neurotransmitters General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry Janice Gorzynski Smith Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.
CHAPTER 18 Amines & Neurotransmitters Learning Objectives: Identify amines and describe bonding & structure (1°, 2°, 3°) Nomenclature for amines Amine hydrogen bonding Alkaloids & Nitrogen heterocycles Acid-base chemistry of amines Neurotransmitter amines Amines and common drugs CH 18 Homework: End of Chapter problems: 30, 32, 38, 40, 44, 52, 54, 58, 60, 66, 72, 76, 80, 82, 84 Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.
Example Amines Cocaine
Structure Amines
Structure Amines
Nomenclature Amines N,N-dimethyl butan amine Functional Group Prefix Suffix alkane alkyl ane alkene alkenyl ene alkyne alkynyl yne alcohol (OH) hydroxy ol ether alkoxy halide fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo thiol (SH) mercapto thiol aldehyde formyl al ketone oxo one carboxylic acid carboxy oic acid carboxylic acid ester oxycarbonyl oate amide carbamoyl amine amino 3 1 4 2 N prefix + parent + suffix prefix Give location and type of substituents. Indicate naming the amine R groups with “N” parent How many carbons in longest chain? Amine @ C1 What is the functional group? How many? Amine = “amine” suffix N,N-dimethyl butan amine * Note: when we have more then 1 functional group the parent name has an “a” added on: hexa instead of hex Smith. General Organic & Biolocial Chemistry 2nd Ed.
Nomenclature Amines
Reactivity Amines
Reactivity Amines
Reactivity Amines
Reactivity Amines
Biochemistry Neurotransmitters A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that transmits nerve impulses from one neuron to another. The space between the two neurons is called a synapse. The presynaptic neuron releases the neuro- transmitter. The postsynaptic neuron contains the receptors that bind the neurotransmitter.
Biochemistry Neurotransmitters Once the neurotransmitter is bound to the receptor, the chemical message is delivered. The transmitter is then degraded or returned to the presynaptic neuron to begin the process again. Some drugs are used to prevent the release of a neurotransmitter or to block its binding to a receptor. Other drugs increase the amount of neuro- transmitter released.
Biochemistry Neurotransmitters
Biochemistry Neurotransmitters Serotonin is important in mood, sleep, perception, and temperature regulation. Dopamine affects the brain processes that control movement, emotions, and pleasure When norepinephrine levels increase, a person feels elated, and then manic if levels go too high. Acetylcholine is a quaternary ammonium ion that serves as a neurotransmitter between neurons and muscle cells
Biochemistry Neurotransmitters
Biochemistry Neurotransmitters
Biochemistry 2-phenylethylamine
Biochemistry 2-phenylethylamine