Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

 Montgomery County  Schools attended  Family  Pre-Teaching Life  Post Teaching: MYOB Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Who are You ? Exit card front Your favorite Your TV Show favorite food Your Full Name Preferred Name Your favorite bookmusician

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Three questions I have for Mr. Hoffman

 Separate 3-ring Binder/Notebook with  Lined filler paper  2 pens  2 pencils  Pack of 100 3x5 index cards  Assignment book  If cost is an issue – “Suggestion Box” Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

1. Courtesy & Timeliness 2. Preparation 3. This is our “home” – please treat it well 4. It IS a benevolent autocracy  NOT a democracy  5. “Suggestion Box” Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

 Interactive  or Boring  Multi-dimensional  or straight lecture  Easy  or Difficult Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 … and it will be so.

1. NO PEJORATIVES – EVER! (INSTANT REFERRAL!) 2. Slang – verbal/written 3.Jargon Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Mr. Hoffman Springbrook High School Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

 Many things that happen to us leave no record in memory Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 True or False? True : Most of the information around us never reaches memory, and what does reach memory often gets distorted

 You are born with all the brain cells you will ever have Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 False : Recent research shows that some parts of the brain continue producing new cells throughout life True or False?

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 True or False? Both center patches are the same shade of gray

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

True : The patch on the right appeared darker due to perceptual contrast with its background

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 True: The patch on the right appeared darker due to perceptual contrast with its background

 Intelligence is a purely genetic trait that does not change throughout a person’s life Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 True or False? False : Intelligence is the result of both heredity and environment, and may change throughout your life

 The most common form of mental disorder occurs in 30% of the population Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 True : Depression, the single most common disorder, may affect up to a third of the population at some point in their lives Depression, the single most common disorder, may affect up to a third of the population at some point in their lives True or False?

 Repeated exposure to the same face leads us to like it less Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 False : Familiar people (and their faces) are generally liked more than less familiar people True or False?

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Psychology is a broad field, with many specialties, but fundamentally, psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes

 Psychology is – The scientific study of behavior and mental processes  Psychology is not ◦ Mere speculation about human nature ◦ A body of folk wisdom about people that “everybody knows” to be true Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

 Psychology disputes unfounded claims from pseudopsychology Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Pseudopsychology – Erroneous assertions of practices set forth as being scientific psychology

 Paranormal abilities, like Extra Sensory Perception ( ESP ) or mind reading Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Psychology is a broad field with many specialties, grouped in three major categories: experimental psychology, teaching of psychology and applied psychology

 Experimental psychologists Conduct most research across psychological spectrum May work in private industry or for the government Often teach at college or university Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

 Applied psychologists Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 I/OSports School Counseling Engineering Rehabilitation Use knowledge developed by experimental psychologists to solve human problems Clinical

 I/O Psychology was Mr. Hoffman’s major Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Modern psychology developed from several conflicting traditions, including structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt psychology, behaviorism, and psychoanalysis

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Devoted to uncovering basic structures that make up mind and thought Tradition Structuralism Functionalism Psychoanalysis Gestalt psychology Behaviorism

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Believed mental processes could best be understood in terms of their adaptive purpose and function Tradition Structuralism Functionalism Psychoanalysis Gestalt psychology Behaviorism

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Interested in how we construct “perceptual wholes” Tradition Structuralism Functionalism Psychoanalysis Gestalt psychology Behaviorism

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Argued psychology should deal solely with observable events Tradition Structuralism Functionalism Psychoanalysis Gestalt psychology Behaviorism

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Asserted mental disorders arise from conflicts in the unconscious mind Tradition Structuralism Functionalism Psychoanalysis Gestalt psychology Behaviorism

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Seven main perspectives characterize modern psychology: the biological, developmental, cognitive, clinical, behavioral, trait, and socio-cultural views

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Biological Developmental Psychodynamic Sociocultural Cognitive Behavioral Trait Humanistic Evolutionary/ Sociobiological

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 View of Human Nature: We are complex systems that respond to hereditary and environmental influences What Determines Behavior: Neural structures, biochemistry, and inborn responses to external cues Question for Study: How do heredity, the nervous system, and the endocrine system produce behavior and mental processes? Perspective Biological Developmental Psychodynamic Sociocultural Cognitive Behavioral Trait Humanistic Evolutionary/ Sociobiological

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 View of Human Nature: We undergo predictable patterns of change throughout our lives What Determines Behavior: Interaction between heredity and environment Questions for Study: What are the patterns that characterize developmental change? What are the genetic and environmental influences underlying these patterns? Perspective Biological Developmental Psychodynamic Sociocultural Cognitive Behavioral Trait Humanistic Evolutionary/ Sociobiological

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 View of Human Nature: People are information- processing systems What Determines Behavior: Mental interpretation of our experience Question for Study: How do mental processes, including sensation, perception, learning, memory, and language, influence behavior? Perspective Biological Developmental Psychodynamic Sociocultural Cognitive Behavioral Trait Humanistic Evolutionary/ Sociobiological

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 View of Human Nature: We are driven by dark forces of the unconscious Perspective What Determines Behavior: Unconscious needs, conflicts, repressed memories, and childhood experiences Question for Study: How does the energy generated in the unconscious mind motivate our actions and account for mental disorders? Biological Developmental Psychodynamic Sociocultural Cognitive Behavioral Trait Humanistic Evolutionary/ Sociobiological

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 View of Human Nature: Emphasizes human growth and potential Perspective What Determines Behavior: The influence of self-concept, perceptions, and interpersonal relationships, and on need for personal growth Question for Study: How can humanistic theory be applied to enhance mental health through counseling and therapy? Biological Developmental Psychodynamic Sociocultural Cognitive Behavioral Trait Humanistic Evolutionary/ Sociobiological

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 View of Human Nature: Behavior is primarily shaped by learning Perspective What Determines Behavior: Stimulus cues and our history of rewards and punishments Questions for Study: What are the “laws” that associate our responses with stimulus conditions? How can they be applied to improve the human condition? Biological Developmental Psychodynamic Sociocultural Cognitive Behavioral Trait Humanistic Evolutionary/ Sociobiological

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 View of Human Nature: People are social animals, so human behavior must be interpreted in social context Perspective What Determines Behavior: Cultures, social norms and expectations, social learning Questions for Study: Under what conditions is the social and cultural situation predictive of behavior? How are social influences different across cultures? Biological Developmental Psychodynamic Sociocultural Cognitive Behavioral Trait Humanistic Evolutionary/ Sociobiological

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 View of Human Nature: Behavior is developed and adapted over time Perspective What Determines Behavior: Natural selection Question for Study: How do behavior and individual differences develop and change? Biological Developmental Psychodynamic Sociocultural Cognitive Behavioral Trait Humanistic Evolutionary/ Sociobiological

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 View of Human Nature: Individual differences result from differences in our underlying patterns of stable characteristics Perspective What Determines Behavior: Each person’s unique combination of traits Question for Study: How many fundamental traits are there? How can we use trait patterns to predict behavior? Biological Developmental Psychodynamic Sociocultural Cognitive Behavioral Trait Humanistic Evolutionary/ Sociobiological

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007