The process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors **association o Feed habitual behaviors Habitutation- an organism’s decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it o Learning vs sensory adaptation o Classical & operant o Cognitive learning: acquisition of mental information, whether by observing events, by watching others, or by language
Irrational fears of specific objects or situations Heights, dogs, cats, bugs, snakes, professors, elevators, tunnels, doctors, strangers, thunderstorms, and germs How do we acquire these? Probably Classical Conditioning!
Russian physiologist Nobel-Prize winning research on digestion!
Neutral Stimulus Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) Unconditioned Response (UCR) Conditioned Response (CR) Conditioned Stimulus
Does not originally produce a response Pavolv’s bell tone They preserved Pavlov’s dogs …. #truestory #nobelprize #science #kindaweird
A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning (natural, unlearned association) Meat powder!
An unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning Drooling at the meat powder!
Previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response Bell tone!
Learned reaction to a conditioned response that occurs because of previous conditioning Drooling at the bell tone!
This became known as a conditioned reflex o Reflex because they are said to be elicited or drawn forth because most of them are relatively automatic and involuntary
Any presentation of a stimulus or pair of stimuli How many trials are needed to condition? It varies (no surprise there)
First described by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist Involves placing a neutral signal before a reflex Focuses on involuntary, automatic behaviors
Conditioned Fears o Bridges o Dentists’ drills
Classical Conditioning continued Meditation
Pleasure- cigarettes and Beeman’s gum Product Association
Immune functioning o Immunosuppression/antibodies o Sexual Arousal (quails)
Acquisition: the initial stage of learning something o Based on stimulus contiguity (occurrence of stimuli in time and space) o Stimuli that are novel, unusual or especially intense have more potential to become CS’s than routine stimuli-they stand out
Extinction: the gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response tendency Conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus
Reappearance of an extinguished response after a period of non-exposure to the conditioned stimulus
Occurs when an organism that has learned a response to a specific stimulus that does not respond in the same way to a new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus
Occurs when an organism that has learned a specific response to a specific stimulus responds in the same way to new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus Baby Albert
Conditioned stimulus functions as if it were an unconditioned stimulus
Pavlov ad=10 Difference Between Classical and Operant Conditioning ad=10 Big Bang