History of the Modern World The Cold War Mrs. McArthur Walsingham Academy Room 111 Mrs. McArthur Walsingham Academy Room 111

Potsdam Conference (July, 1945) Context: The war in Asia was still going on (Stalin reiterated his promise to enter the war agst. Japan 90 days after end of war in Europe.) The news that the bomb was viable changed this equation. Agreements reiterated UN is still to go forward with US & USSR as charter members War Crimes trials to be conducted despite lack of a body of international law. Efforts to invoke Kellogg- Briand pact. Treaties were to be reached with Axis powers: Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Finland. Germany and Austria were to be divided into 4 zones of occupation. Realities Red Army in occupation of Eastern Europe. Of the original 3 leaders, only Stalin remained - Churchill and Roosevelt not part with inexperienced new leaders present. Stalin feels confident. The bomb and its implications unclear.

Two Sides Face Off in Europe NATO and the Warsaw Pact were divided by the Iron Curtain. In Berlin, floods of people were leaving East Berlin for the more prosperous West Berlin, so a wall was built to keep the East Germans in. Many Eastern European countries revolted against Soviet authority. The Cold War Section 1: The Cold War Unfolds, pp Witness History Audio: An Iron Curtain Who controls the states of Central and Eastern Europe? Churchill’s Iron CurtainSpeech: Westminster College (4/4/46) Note Taking Transparency 176 Witness History Audio: Closing the Gate

Nuclear Weapons Threaten the World The United States and the Soviet Union each developed nuclear weapons to maintain a “balance of terror.” Both countries also participated in Strategic Arms Limitation Talks to keep the number of nuclear weapons down, as well as the number of anti-ballistic missiles. These agreements led to a détente in the 1970s. Section 1: The Cold War Unfolds Tick-tock, tick-tock Herb Block's "Mr. Atom" personification of "the bomb" in many cartoons has reminded readers of the threat of nuclear annihilation.

The Cold War Goes Global The U.S. and the U.S.S.R. formed more alliances in order to protect their interests around the world. They confronted each other indirectly by taking sides in local conflicts—providing weapons, training, and other aid to opposing forces. Cuba was home to the major Cold War conflict in the Western Hemisphere, with a communist government retaining control. Section 1: The Cold War Unfolds Color Transparency 181: Europe During the Cold War The Soviet Union in the Cold War The Soviets wanted to spread their ideology and command economy to other countries. Of Stalin’s successors, all maintained Communist party control, but Khrushchev closed the prison camps that had held political enemies and he also eased censorship. Under Leonid Brezhnev, government critics again faced arrest. Color Transparency 182: No Time to Take a Bow

Lavrenti Beria: Head of MVD (Ministry of State Security) What happened to Stalin? 1953 Khrushchev Nikolai Bulganin

The United States in the Cold War The American government tried to keep communism from spreading, while individual Americans tried to protect themselves from nuclear fallout by building shelters and conducting air-raid drills. The fear of nuclear war led to a fear of all communists, and Senator Joseph McCarthy led a campaign to root out all American communists and communist sympathizers. Section 1: The Cold War Unfolds Progress Monitoring Transparency

Color Transparency 181: Europe During the Cold War

Color Transparency 182: No Time to Take a Bow

Progress Monitoring Transparency (1 of 2)

Progress Monitoring Transparency (2 of 2)

Note Taking Transparency 176

I. America Prospers and Changes During the Cold War, the United States played a central role in helping other nations to rebuild. America experienced boom times in the 1950s and 1960s. The more affluent Americans moved from cities to suburbs. Many moved to the Sunbelt. In the 1970s, high oil prices brought on a recession. The Cold War Section 2: The Industrialized Democracies, pp Witness History Audio: The Marshall Plan Color Transparency 180: European Nations Grant Aid Under the Marshall Plan Vocabulary: recession, suburbanization Checkpoint: How was the US economy linked to the global economy during the Cold War?

Section 2: The Industrialized Democracies II. Democracy Expands Opportunities After World War II, many minorities began to demand equal rights. The U.S. Supreme Court struck down segregation in schools. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., led a civil rights movement that used boycotts and peaceful marches to make its point. Programs for the poor and disadvantaged grew under Democratic presidents Kennedy and Johnson and shrank under Republican Reagan. I Have a Dream Speech: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Progress Monitoring Transparency Vocabulary: segregation, discrimination, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Checkpoint, pp. 980: Over time, how did the US government expand opportunities for all Americans?

Section 2: The Industrialized Democracies III. Western Europe Rebuilds After the decline of Communism, German voters approved the reunification of Germany. All Germans then benefited from the former West Germany’s booming economy. Britain and other European colonial powers struggled with rebuilding and gave their colonies independence. Some countries extended the welfare state and were accused of drifting towards socialism. During the 1980s and 1990s, some countries, such as Britain, elected conservative leaders who had denounced the welfare state. Vocabulary: Konrad Adenauer, welfare state, European Community Primary Source, pp. 980: What challenges would residents of a city face after such heavy devastation? Checkpoint, pp. 983: What were some of the advantages and disadvantages of the welfare state in Europe?

IV. Japan Is Transformed After World War II, Japan became a parliamentary democracy. Japan quickly built modern factories and began to export vast quantities of goods. Its GDP climbed. At the same time it imposed tariffs on imports, which angered Americans who were paying for U.S. troops to defend Japan. Color Transparency 183: Japan’s Economic Recovery After World War II Vocabulary: Gross Domestic Product - GDP Caption: How would ownership of land benefit farmers? Checkpoint, pp 984: What factors explain Japan’s economic success in the decades after WWII? Section Summary: Note Taking Transparency 177

Color Transparency 180: European Nations Grant Aid Under the Marshall Plan

Color Transparency 180: Japan’s Economic Recovery After World War II

Note Taking Transparency 177

I have a Dream In a sense we have come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds." But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. Explain Martin Luther King’s “check” metaphor.

Progress Monitoring Transparency (1 of 2)

Progress Monitoring Transparency (2 of 2)

In Class Activity Sections , a watershed in Cold War politics. 2.The Korean War 3.The Berlin Wall 4.Bay of Pigs/Cuban Missile Crisis 5.Propaganda Analysis (The Poster War) 6.Cold War and Civil Rights 7.Expanding Democracy: 2 visions (Democrats and Republicans)

U. S. Tax Rates 1920-present

Assignment 1 1.Read text, pp , identifying 6 new terms and answering 3 Checkpoint questions. 2.Map Skills Activity, pp Read Infographic, pp 971 and answer Thinking Critically questions on it. First Project Due Date: Monday, 4/28. See Project Parameters for Specific Details (SPA)

Assignment 2 1.Read text, pp , identifying 4 new terms and answering 2 Checkpoint questions. 2.Check your knowledge. Take Auto-test 3.Review appropriate slides for Sec. 1 on Class Notes for this week. First Project Due Date: Monday, 4/28. See Project Parameters for Specific Details (SPA)

Assignment 3 1.Project Proposal-Draft 3. Generate a hypothesis or an analytical framework into which your person’s story may be placed. –What seems to be the most interesting aspect of the story, which also lends itself to documentation and evidence based on your research? –How does this aspect fit into our study of history? Are there ironies, a paradox, and patterns of behavior or attitude? Do you see a larger truth? A 1-page Description is due April 28 - Hard copy or if you are absent.

Assignment 4 1.Read text, pp , identifying 9 new terms and answering 4 Checkpoint questions. 2.Check your knowledge. Take Auto-test. 3.Complete Project Proposal First Project Due Date: Monday, 4/28. See Project Parameters for Specific Details (SPA)