HEAT & THE ATMOSPHERE UNIT 3 CHAPTERS 9 & 17 Poirier

Copy these words INB pg 35  Kinetic Theory  Temperature  Heat  Specific Heat  Melting  Freezing  Vaporization  Boiling  Condensation  Thermal expansion  Conduction  Convection  Radiation Ch 9 text book - define the word and give an example

HEAT  TAKES (absorbs) energy to change solid to liquid to gas  RELEASES (gives off) energy to change gas to liquid to solid  Heat Budget incoming energy = outgoing energy (small excess in incoming due to greenhouse gasses)

Review of the Heat Budget Insolation - in coming solar radiation Earth receives ~one two-billionth of the Sun’s energy that travels over 150 million km

How does the Sun’s Energy get here?  Transfer of heat  dex=2&list=PLfWzdt- EmKBsIWxbvOj_uqGoZ5kPb6IdH dex=2&list=PLfWzdt- EmKBsIWxbvOj_uqGoZ5kPb6IdH  For our purposes, heat = energy

How does the Sun’s Energy get here?  Transfer of Energy  Radiation - through space via electromagnetic waves  Conduction - through molecular collisions (touch)  Convection – through liquid or gas due to differences in density.

1. You can feel the radiation from the fire, it heats the material in the pot – transfer of heat through space 2. Convection currents inside the pot cause the material to boil. Hotter material is less dense, so it rises. It then cools again and sinks – transfer of heat through liquid or gas 3. If you were to grab the pot, your hand would burn due to conduction -- transfer of heat via touch.

Up Up and Away  Convection – heat through fluids (air & water)  The effect of temperature on density of air  Materials Balloon Glass bottles Bucket ice water Bucket hot water SAFETY GLASSES

Observations Up Up and Away  Trial 1 cold to hotTrial 2 hot to cold  Predict - sketch set up, use arrows to predict air movement  Sketch and explain results  Analysis Questions – write in complete sentences

Up Up and Away post lab  On Earth what is the source that heats air?  Does it heat everything the same?

Temperature Variations  Angle of intensity  Time of day  Latitude  Time of year  Cloud cover  Surface cover

Insolation activity  Why is it hotter at the Equator?  Investigate different heating effects of sunlight

Data Collection  Use pencil - show all your calculations  On a half-sheet of graph paper carefully trace the lit area from the globe diagram (label A, B, C)  Each grid square = 10, estimate the “area” of each grid square inside the three sun spots. Total the numbers and write next to your tracing  Assume a “ray” of sunlight = 10,000 kwh (kilowatts per hour)  Determine the rate of energy supplied per area 10,000kwh/”area” = rate of energy. circle this number

Analysis 1) Which sun spot (A, B or C) receives the most energy, Why? 2) Which letter represents the equator? The northern polar region? 3) Use your data to explain the fact that the equator is always hotter than the poles?

Reason for Seasons  Earth is tilted on its axis Northern Hemisphere Summer

Notice where insolation strikes at a 90 O angle

Which gets Hotter?  Investigate the rates at which different materials heat  Materials Thermometers Cups [air (black, white & aluminum foil) water] Lamp with 100 watt bulb Meter stick Timer

Data Collection & Analysis  Record data in table  Graph your data on a half sheet – use all aspects of a good graph  Answer analysis questions in complete sentences with detail and no pronouns

Weather Insolation + uneven heating = weather Weather is what distributes the sun’s energy (Energy Budget) and moderates the Earth’s temperatures

Water Cycle Review  Aquifer  Condensation  Evaporation  Infiltration  Precipitation  Transpiration  Respiration  Runoff  Storage Sketch the water cycle (INB page __) Include ALL the words listed on the right TAKES ENERGY - BLUE arrows RELEASES ENERGY – RED arrows