IV. Electron Configuration Ch. 4 - Electrons in Atoms.

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Presentation transcript:

IV. Electron Configuration Ch. 4 - Electrons in Atoms

Electron Configuration zThe arrangement of electrons in an atom. zA distinct configuration exists for each atom.

Electron Configuration zLike all systems in nature, electrons in atoms tend to assume arrangements that have the lowest possible energies. z Ground State: the lowest energy arrangement of the electrons.

A. General Rules zPauli Exclusion Principle yEach orbital can hold TWO electrons with opposite spins.

A. General Rules zAufbau Principle yElectrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first. y“Lazy Tenant Rule”

RIGHT WRONG A. General Rules zHund’s Rule yWithin a sublevel, place one e - per orbital before pairing them. y“Empty Bus Seat Rule”

O 8e - zOrbital Diagram zElectron Configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 4 B. Notation 1s 2s 2p

zShorthand Configuration S 16e - Valence Electrons Core Electrons S16e - [Ne] 3s 2 3p 4 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 4 B. Notation zLonghand Configuration

© 1998 by Harcourt Brace & Company s p d (n-1) f (n-2) C. Periodic Patterns

zPeriod # yenergy level (subtract for d & f) zA/B Group # ytotal # of valence e - zColumn within sublevel block y# of e - in sublevel

s-block1st Period 1s 1 1st column of s-block C. Periodic Patterns zExample - Hydrogen

C. Periodic Patterns zShorthand Configuration yCore e - : Go up one row and over to the Noble Gas. yValence e - : On the next row, fill in the # of e - in each sublevel.

[Ar]4s 2 3d 10 4p 2 C. Periodic Patterns zExample - Germanium

zFull energy level zFull sublevel (s, p, d, f) zHalf-full sublevel D. Stability

zElectron Configuration Exceptions yCopper EXPECT :[Ar] 4s 2 3d 9 ACTUALLY :[Ar] 4s 1 3d 10 yCopper gains stability with a full d-sublevel. D. Stability

zElectron Configuration Exceptions yChromium EXPECT :[Ar] 4s 2 3d 4 ACTUALLY :[Ar] 4s 1 3d 5 yChromium gains stability with a half-full d-sublevel. D. Stability