Fundamental Forces in Nature

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Presentation transcript:

Fundamental Forces in Nature Physical World Fundamental Forces in Nature There are four fundamental forces in nature: 1. Gravitational Force : The gravitational force is the force of mutual attraction between any two objects by virtue of their masses. It is a universal force. Every object experiences this force due to every other object in the universe. All objects on the earth experience the force of gravity due to the earth. Gravity governs the motion of the moon and artificial satellites around the earth, motion of the earth and planets around the sun.

Fundamental Forces in Nature Physical World Fundamental Forces in Nature 2.Electromagnetic Force: Electromagnetic force is the force between charged particles. When charges are at rest, the force is given by Coulomb’s law : attractive for unlike charges and repulsive for like charges. Charges in motion produce magnetic effects and a magnetic field gives rise to a force on a moving charge. Electromagnetic force acts over large distances and does not need any intervening medium. Electromagnetic force can be attractive or repulsive.

Fundamental Forces in Nature Physical World Fundamental Forces in Nature 3. Strong Nuclear Force: The strong nuclear force binds protons and neutrons in a nucleus. The strong nuclear force is the strongest of all fundamental forces, about 100 times the electromagnetic force in strength. It is charge-independent and acts equally between a proton and a proton, a neutron and a neutron, and a proton and a neutron. Its range is, extremely small, of about nuclear dimensions (10-15m). It is responsible for the stability of nuclei.

Fundamental Forces in Nature Physical World Fundamental Forces in Nature 4.Weak Nuclear Force : The weak nuclear force appears only in certain nuclear processes such as the β-decay of a nucleus. In β-decay, the nucleus emits an electron and an uncharged particle called neutrino. The weak nuclear force is not as weak as the gravitational force, but much weaker than the strong nuclear and electromagnetic forces. The range of weak nuclear force is exceedingly small, of the order of 10-16 m.