Northern Colonies Chapter 3

I can I can identify reasons for the immigration of the northern colonies.

Protestant Reformation 1517: Martin Luther challenges the monopoly the Catholic Church had on European Christianity Luther asserts that the Church is corrupt, and the individuals should form a personal relationship with God. Many agree with Luther, and form their own Christian churches separate from Catholicism, calling themselves Protestants

Martin Luther

Protestant Reformation 1536: One of Luther’s followers was John Calvin, whom stated that God has “predetermined” who goes to heaven. Predestination was demonstrated by the “pure” sin-free lives of many Protestant groups In England, these Protestants became known as “Puritans”, they wished to cleanse the already Protestant Church of England of all extravagances.

Protestant Reformation

Pilgrims The Puritans sought freedom from the English, so they migrated to the Netherlands After a few years they worried that the influence of non-Puritans would corrupt their followers, so they asked England to be able to settle in Virginia. They were given permission, and set sail for Virginia in 1620

Pilgrims

The Mayflower contained 102 Pilgrims Created the Mayflower Doctrine, an agreement that decisions would be made by the majority, democratically – 1 st form of Anglo self-government in the New World! The ship did not sail to Virginia, but instead stopped in Massachusetts.

Pilgrims The first winter was very harsh, disease and famine left only 44 survivors. William Bradford was elected leader, and the next year brought stability and prosperity. The 1 st Thanksgiving was celebrated that fall. The Pilgrims remained a small group, and their settlement, Plymouth, later merged with Massachusetts.

Pilgrims

Massachusetts Other Puritans settled around Boston. John Winthrop, their leader declared that it would be a “City on a Hill”, an example of morality for the rest of the world Exports: fur, fish, timber, shipbuilding Town Meeting would decide issues (all male church members could vote) Not a democracy, but preachers could not serve in office (separation of church and state?)

Massachusetts Puritan Church today = Congregational Persecuted non-Puritans (especially Quakers) Roger Williams- dissented against the church, banished and started RI Anne Hutchinson- spoke out against the church, banished to RI, killed by AI.

Rhode Island Founded by Williams, complete freedom of religion  No established church Exiles from all over New England moved to RI for opportunities

Types of British Colonies Royal- owned by the king Proprietary- King gives land to an individual who swears allegiance to the kin Self-Governing (Joint- Stock)- king gave permission to a group to have a colony, but could revoke their charter anytime

Northern Indians Devastated by disease before the Puritans arrived Survivors helped Puritans Pequot War- Puritans and their AI allies nearly exterminate the Pequot King Philip’s War- Philip, an AI, formed an alliance of the remaining AI tribes in New England Attacked the Puritan settlements, all-out war ended with annihilation of NE Indians

King Philip’s War

New England Confederation Far from the king, Massachusetts and Connecticut formed a loose confederation in 1643 Did little more than allow the colonies to return run-away servants Did set a weak precedent for colonial cooperation. Excluded RI because of it’s religious freedom.

Dominion of New England All of NE, along with NY and NJ was temporarily forced into union by the king (1686) Done to enforce the Navigation Acts- laws that required all colonial trade to be with UK, not France, etc Town meetings, schools, and land titles revoked High taxes without the consent of the people In 1689 a new king absolved the Dominion, but the right to vote was changed, no longer would church members be the only ones with suffrage

New Netherland The Dutch founded New Netherland at the mouth of the Hudson River. Profited from the fur trade, but was unimportant compared to Dutch tropical colonies No freedom of religion UK would send navy in 1664 and NA fell without a shot Renamed New York, the natural harbor on the Hudson proved valuable for trade and defense

New Netherland

Quakers Protestant group that refused to pay taxes to the Church of England Lived “simple lives”, with simple sermons, no preachers, anyone could speak if they felt compelled Refused military service, oaths, extreme pacifists (never resort to violence) even when faced with violence upon their people

William Penn

Quakers William Penn was a wealthy convert to Quakerism While many Quakers were executed for their beliefs, Penn managed to get permission from the king to colonize Pennsylvania for Quakers to seek religious freedom. Penn welcomed Quakers and all other immigrants and promoted peaceful relations with AI, anti-slavery

Philadelphia

Middle Colonies NY, NJ, Penn., and Delaware all had great soil, they became the “bread colonies” Great ports (Albany, NYC, Phil.), connections to fur trading, and timber became sources of $ Ethnically and religiously diverse Southern influences mixed with New England, the middle colonies connected the British Empire in North America.