Introduction to Psychology Methods: Experiments, Surveys and correlations Prof. Jan Lauwereyns

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Psychology Methods: Experiments, Surveys and correlations Prof. Jan Lauwereyns

Look under “Classes” Check “Psychology”

Research Question: Research Question: Will participants be more altruistic if they see a video depicting human suffering?

Method: Research Participants Video Amount Donated IV: Video of starving children in Africa. DV: Amount of money donated by subjects to UNICEF. $3.64

Research Question: Research Question: Will participants be more altruistic if they see a video depicting human suffering? Method: Research Participants Video Amount Donated IV: Video of starving children in Africa. DV: Amount of money donated by subjects to UNICEF. $3.64 PROBLEM: PROBLEM: Is $3.64 high, low, or medium?

Would it help to add a pretest? Allows us to statistically compare pre and post scores If donation goes from low to high than we may conclude that our experiment worked There are some potential problems with this design Pretest ($ donated) Video Post-test ($ donated) Research Participants One group pretest/post-test design $3.64$2.85

Testing Taking the pretest may change the participant’s responses on the post-test. How to Avoid Determine whether a pretest is necessary Disguise your pretest

Some problems are hard to avoid, but can be taken into account: Comparing an experimental condition against a control condition

But watch out for those confounding factors… Research Participants Video Amount Donated Research Participants Control Group (neutral video) Amount Donated Psychology Marketing$2.45 $4.82 Experimental group: Control group:

A new problem Selection Participants who form the two groups in the experiment are chosen from existing natural groups How to Avoid Randomly assign participants to conditions If not possible, try to get equivalent groups

Anatomy of a Good Experiment: Effects of Video on Altruism Representative Sample Random Assignment Experimental GroupControl Group Persuasive video Neutral video Behavior ($ donated) Operational Definition of Altruism= $ donated to UNICEF

Experimental Control Standard deviation Average

Not significant

Experimental Control Experimental Control

Experimental Control Experimental Control

Experimental Control Experimental Control Smaller standard deviation

Significant

Not significant

Size Weight

Size Weight

Positive correlation: More of one thing, corresponds with more of another thing

Positive correlation: More of one thing, corresponds with more of another thing More speed, more accidents

Negative correlation: More of one thing, corresponds with less of another thing

Negative correlation: More of one thing, corresponds with less of another thing More training, less accidents

No correlation: More of one thing, does not correspond with more or less of another thing

e.g., Survey about driving behavior Ask about… -age, experience -how often drive, what kind of car… -where, how fast… -past accidents, traffic violations… Try to establish correlations

e.g., Survey about driving behavior Ask about… -age, experience -how often drive, what kind of car… -where, how fast… -past accidents, traffic violations… Try to establish correlations [ Can be inspiration for new experiments ]