Carbohydrates Mini Lecture AP Biology/Radjewski. PDQ 1-2 Carbohydrates Source of stored energy (spaghetti dinners) Transport stored energy within complex.

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Carbohydrates Mini Lecture AP Biology/Radjewski

PDQ 1-2 Carbohydrates Source of stored energy (spaghetti dinners) Transport stored energy within complex organisms (food  glucose  travels through bloodstream) Structural molecules that give many organisms their shapes (chitin forms exosksletons) Recognition or signaling molecules that can trigger specific biological responses (control gene expression in plants)

Monosaccharides PDQ 3-4 simple sugars Pentoses are 5-carbon sugars Hexoses (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) include glucose, fructose, mannose, and galactose.

Mono  Di PDQ 5 Monosaccharides are covalently bonded by condensation reactions that form glycosidic linkages. Sucrose is a disaccharide.

Common Disaccharides

Polysaccharides PDQ 6 large polymers of monosaccharides; the chains can be branching. Starches—a family of polysaccharides of glucose; main energy storage molecule in plants Glycogen—highly branched polymer of glucose; main energy storage molecule in mammals Cellulose—the most abundant carbon-containing (organic) biological compound on Earth; stable; good structural material Chitin - the component in exoskeletons, contains nitrogen

PDQ 7Cellulose

PDQ 7Starch

PDQ 7Glycogen

Build a carbohydrate Build a polysaccharide Attach waters Label the glycosidic linkages