العلامات المميزة الجزيئية

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Presentation transcript:

العلامات المميزة الجزيئية Molecular Markers

صعوبات تواجه مربى النبات تواجه مربى النبات عديد من الصعوبات أثناء تنفيذ برنامج التربية لنقل الصفات المرغوبة كالمقاومة للامراض والحشرات و ظروف البيئة الغير مناسبة (جفاف – ملوحة – حرارة) وغيرها اهمها:

1- يحتاج مربى النبات الى عدة اجيال (عدة سنوات) many generations needed حتى يمكن نقل الصفة المرغوبة من خلال برنامج التهجين الرجعى أو طرق التهجين الاخرى مثل التهجين مع تتبع النسب أو التهجين التجميعى أو غيرها.

2- كثير من الصفات المرغوبة تكون صفات كمية quantitative traits يتحكم فيها العديد من العوامل الوراثية polygenetic

3-عند التربية لمقاومة الأمراض والحشرات فيلجأ المربى الى استخدام العدوى الصناعية بالمسببات المرضية و الحشرية. التركيب الوراثى للعائل التركيب الوراثى للطفيل الظروف البيئية

3- تتأثر الصفات بالتفاعل بين التركيب الوراثى والظروف البيئية السائدة فى المنطقة .

مميزات استخدام المعلمات الجزيئية أنها معلمات ثابتة stable عدد المعلمات التي يمكن استخدامها لا نهائي يمكن اكتشافها في جميع الأنسجة بصرف النظر عن الخلية التي يكون عليها حالة النبات من النمو أو التطور . الدراسة علي مستوي ال DNA لا تتأثر بالظروف البيئية أي الثبات الوراثي .

DNAتركيب ال

Gel electrophoresis is a technique used for the separation of DNA, RNA or protein molecules using an electric current applied to a gel matrix. It is usually performed for analytical purposes, such as RFLP, PCR,

أهم طرق المعلمات الوراثية Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP) Minisatellites or Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) Internal Transcribed Spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal genes (ITS) Sequence-Tagged Sites (STS) Microsatellites, Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR), Amplified Sequence Length Polymorphism (ASLP) Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS) Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) Thermal Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (TGGE) Heteroduplex Analysis (HDA) Denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatography (DHPLC) Multiple Arbitrary Amplicon Profiling (MAAP) Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF) Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR) Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Single Primer Amplification Reaction (SPAR) Directed Amplification of Minisatellite DNA (DAMD) Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Selectively Amplified Microsatellite Polymorphic Loci (SAMPL)

Advances in molecular markers

Examples of Techniques to detect DNA polymorphism (DNA markers) i) Non-PCR based marker RFLP ii) PCR-based markers - RAPD - AFLP - SSR

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) Applications of RFLP DNA Fingerprinting Genetic mapping QTL mapping Maker-assisted selection for breeding program

Restriction Enzymes

PCR-based methods

Random Amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs(

Aplifed Fragment length Polymorphism (AFLPs)

Gel for AFLP markers

Genetic diversity among wheat genotypes by means AFLP Markers

Microsatellites or Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) Description: AAAAAAAAAAA : (A)11 GTGTGTGTGTGT : (GT)6 CTGCTGCTGCTG :(CTG)4 ACTCACTCACTCACTC :(ACTC)4

Microsatellites

Applications of Molecular Markers Genetic diversity and fingerprinting Inheritance and mapping Simply inherited traits Quantitative traits (dissection into QTL)

Applications of Molecular Markers As selection tools: Marker-Assisted Selection

MARKER-ASSISTED BREEDING P1 x P2 Susceptible Resistant F1 large populations consisting of thousands of plants F2 MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION (MAS) Method whereby phenotypic selection is based on DNA markers

Marker-based gene identification and isolation

Particle Gun

24 شهــــــرا عنوان المشروع مــــدة المشروع التطوير البحثي للتكنولوجيا الحيوية الزراعية من خلال تحقيق التميز في مجمع المعامل البحثية بكلية الزراعة بمشتهر مــــدة المشروع 24 شهــــــرا

أهداف المشروع هدف4 حصول اعضاء هيئة التدريس ومعاونيهم وطلاب الدراسات العليا بالكلية على الجوائز وبراءات الاختراع العلمية المحلية والدولية. هدف3 تميز المجلة العلمية المتخصصة للكلية. هدف2 تطوير معامل التكنولوجيا الحيوية الزراعية المتميزة. هدف 1 تحقيق التميز الكمى و النوعى في البحوث الزراعية التطبيقية.

التدفقات النقدية اللازمة لتنفيذ المشروع الربع السنوي تمويل الوحدة مباني غير سكنية تجهيزات آلات ومعدات دراسات وبحوث إجمالي الإجمالي 500.000 810.000 900.000 600.000 2.810.000 الربع السنوي تمويل الجامعة مباني غير سكنية تجهيزات آلات ومعدات دراسات وبحوث إجمالي الإجمالي 500.000 900.000 600.000 2.900.000

مشاريع بحثية Application of Molecular Markers for Developing Promising Hybrid Corn Tolerant to Drought تطبيق المعلمات الجزيئية لإستنباط هجن ذرة شامية تتحمل الجفاف Molecular Mapping of QTLs for Drought and Salt Tolerance in Bread Wheat Using Microsatellite Markers   تحديد الجينات للصفات الكمية لتحمل الجفاف والملوحة في قمح الخبز باستخدام الميكروستاليت

Thank you mahmoud_zabalawy@yahoo.com

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