1 Dr. Marwa Eid

An alcohol contains a hydroxyl group (—OH) attached to a carbon chain. A phenol contains a hydroxyl group (—OH) attached to a benzene ring. wateralcohol phenol 2

 Alcohol: OH(hydroxyl) group -OH (hydroxyl) group bonded to a carbon methanol, CH 3 OH, is the simplest alcohol

1.Find longest carbon chain that contains the -OH group 2.Number chain from end that gives the -OH the lower number eol 3.Change the ending -e to -ol 4.Use a number to show the location of the -OH group For cyclic alcohols, the carbon with the -OH group is C-1 5.Name and number substituent and list them in alphabetical order

The names of alcohols replace the -e with -ol. OR use the name of the alkyl group followed by alcohol. CH 4 methane CH 3 ─OH methanol methyl alcohol CH 3 ─CH 3 ethane CH 3 ─CH 2 ─OH ethanol ethyl alcohol 5

For longer chains number the chain from the end nearest the -OH group. CH 3 ─CH 2 ─CH 2 ─OH 1-propanol OH │ CH 3 ─CH 2 ─CH─CH 3 2-butanol CH 3 OH │ │ CH 3 ─CH─CH 2 ─CH 2 ─CH─CH 5-methyl-2-hexanol

dioltriol  Alcohols containing more than one hydroxyl groups are named as a diol, a triol, and so on  Names for diols, triols, and so on retain the final "-e" in the name of the parent alkane glycols  Compounds containing two hydroxyl groups on adjacent carbons are commonly called glycols 1,2 ethanediol (Ethylene glycol) 1,2 propanediol (Polyethylene glycol) 1,2,3 propanetriol (Glycerol, Glycerine)

9 AlcoholeFormulaUsage 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol) pharmaceutical applications 1,2-ethanediol (ethylene glycol)  Raw material in the manufacture of polyester fibers.  Industrial applications like antifreeze and formulations. 1,2,3-propanetriol (glycerol)  In the manufacture of dynamite, cosmetics, liquid soaps,

Name the following compounds. 1. CH 3 —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —OH OH CH 3 | | 2. CH 3 —CH—CH—CH 2 —CH

1. CH 3 —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —OH 1-butanol OH CH 3 | | 2. CH 3 —CH—CH—CH 2 —CH 3 3-methyl-2-pentanol 3. cyclopentanol 11

Write the structure of each of the following. A. 3-pentanol B. ethyl alcohol C. 4-methylphenol 12

Write the structure of the following. A. 3-pentanol OH | CH 3 —CH 2 —CH—CH 2 —CH 3 B. ethyl alcohol CH 3 —CH 2 —OH C. 4-methylphenol 13 OH CH 3

Phenol - Is benzene with a hydroxyl group. - Is used in antiseptics and disinfectants. 14

To name a phenol with two substituents, assign C-1 to the carbon attached to the –OH. number the ring to give the lowest numbers chlorophenol 4-bromophenol 3

Classification of alcohols is determined by the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbon bonded to the hydroxyl. primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary(3). 16

 Depends on the C which has the –OH group attached 1 o Alcohol— attached to one C 2 o Alcohol— attached to two Cs 3 o Alcohol-- attached to three Cs

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Type of CAttached to 1 o (primary) C one other carbon 2 o (secondary) Ctwo other carbons 3 o (tertiary) C three other carbons

Classify each alcohol as 1) primary, 2) secondary, or 3) tertiary. OH | A. CH 3 —CH—CH 2 —CH 3 B. CH 3 —CH 2 —CH 2 —OH OH | C. CH 3 —CH 2 —C—CH 2 —CH 3 | CH 3 20

OH | A. CH 3 —CH—CH 2 —CH 3 secondary B. CH 3 —CH 2 —CH 2 —OH primary OH | C. CH 3 —CH 2 —C—CH 2 —CH 3 tertiary | CH 3 21

Write the structure of the following. A. 3-pentanol B. 1,2,3 pentanetriol 22

OH | A. 3-pentanolCH 3 ─CH 2 ─CH─CH 2 ─CH 3 B. 1,2,3 pentanetriol 23

A. Complete the followings: 1. Alcohols are classified into…………..,……………… and ……………… propanol is used in ……………… while phenol is used as………………………. B. Name the following alcohol 24

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