6th Grade Science Matter

Anything that has a mass and a volume Molecules are in constant motion

Close up view of atoms and their behavior Animated images are from

Solids particles vibrate but can’t move around definite/fixed shape and volume crystalline - repeating geometric pattern (sugar, diamond, salt) amorphous - no pattern (e.g. glass, wax)

Liquids particles can move around but are still close together; flow no definite shape but definite volume takes the shape of its container

Gases particles can separate and move throughout container No definite shape No definite volume Fills up whatever space is available

Plasma particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-) gas-like, no definite shape & volume stars, fluorescent light bulbs, lightning

Most matter expands when heated & contracts when cooled.  Temp causes  KE. Particles collide with more force & spread out. EX: thermostats (bimetallic strip) Thermal Expansion

Phase Changes Melting ▫solid to liquid ▫Thermal energy increases Freezing ▫liquid to solid ▫Thermal energy decreases melting point = freezing point

Phase Changes Vaporization (boiling) ▫liquid to gas at the boiling point ▫occurs below the surface ▫Thermal energy increases Vaporization (evaporation) ▫liquid to gas below the boiling point ▫occurs at the surface ▫Thermal energy increases Condensation ▫gas to liquid ▫Thermal energy decreases

Phase Changes Sublimation ▫solid to gas ▫Thermal energy increases ▫EX: dry ice, freeze drying, iodine

A. Phase Changes deposition

B. Heating Curves Kinetic Energy ▫motion of particles ▫related to temperature Potential Energy ▫space between particles ▫related to phase changes

B. Heating Curves Solid - KE  Melting - PE  Liquid - KE  Boiling - PE  Gas - KE 

A. Physical Property A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing its identity. ▫can be used to separate mixtures ▫EX: magnetism, density, state of matter, mass, volume, melting/boiling points, solubility

D. Chemical Property A characteristic that indicates whether a substance can undergo a specific chemical change. ▫EX: flammability, reactivity, color change, coking/baking

When a change occurs that does NOT produce a new substance a physical change occurs If a new substance is formed it is a Chemical Change. Images are from

B. Physical Change A change in the form of a substance without changing its identity. ▫properties remain the same ▫reversible ▫can be used to separate mixtures ▫EX: dissolving, grinding, tearing, changing state or shape

C. Chemical Change A change in the identity of a substance. ▫properties change ▫irreversible ▫Signs: color change, formation of a gas/solid, release of light/heat ▫EX: burning, rusting

The building blocks of Matter Consists of Protons (+), Electrons (-), and Neutrons (N). Consists of only one kind of atom, Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means Can exist as either atoms or molecules.

A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are chemically bound together. In the animation above, two nitrogen atoms (N + N = N2) make one Nitrogen molecule.

Atoms of two or more different elements bound together. Can be separated into elements chemically, but not physically. In the animation above, water (H 2 0) is a compound made of Hydrogen and Oxygen.

Solutions are groups of molecules that are mixed up in a completely even distribution. Uniform Distribution. Example: Sugar and Water

The substance to be dissolved. The one doing the dissolving.

Particle sizes are in between the size of particles found in solutions and suspensions. Can be mixed and remain evenly distributed without settling out.

They are substances held together by physical forces, not chemical. Can be separated physically. Solutions are also mixtures. The substances are not uniformly mixed. Example: Sand in a glass of water.

Are heterogeneous mixtures consisting of parts that are visible to the naked eye. Example: the ingredients in salad dressing Substances will settle over time.

Matter MixturesHomogeneous Solution Solvent SolutionColloids Heterogeneous Suspensions Pure Substances ElementMoleculeCompounds