Kinetic Energy

 All matter is made up of tiny particles, such as atoms, molecules, or ions.  The particles that make up all types of matter are in constant motion.

 Kinetic energy - is the energy of motion.  Increased temperature means greater average kinetic energy, so most substances expand when heated.

 There are three familiar states of matter— solid, liquid, and gas.  A fourth state of matter known as plasma occurs at extremely high temperatures.

 A solid is matter with a definite shape and definite volume.  Solids hold their own shape, have weight, & take up space.

 Are packed tightly together and can only vibrate.  Has the LEAST amount of kinetic energy.

 A liquid is matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape.  Liquids takes the shape of the container; however, the volume is the same.

 Are loosely packed and can slide past one another.  Has a MODERATE level of kinetic energy.

 Gas is matter that does not have a definite shape or volume.  The particles in gas are much farther apart than those in a liquid or solid.

 Gas particles move freely in all directions, except during occasional collisions.  Have LOTS of kinetic energy.

 Plasma – is a state of matter that starts out as a gas and becomes ionized.  Used in fluorescent light bulbs and Neon lights.

 Are electrically charged.  Plasma has the GREATEST amount of kinetic energy.  Lightning is a plasma.

PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Solid to liquid Melting Heat goes into the solid as it melts. Liquid to solid Freezing Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes.

PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Liquid to gas Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes. Gas to liquidCondensation Heat leaves the gas as it condenses. Solid to gasSublimation Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

STATES OF MATTER SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA Tightly packed, in a regular pattern Vibrate, but do not move from place to place Close together with no regular arrangement. Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other Well separated with no regular arrangement. Vibrate and move freely at high speeds Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles