University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 COMM02 Activity Planning Unit 2

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Introduction 1 The unit will cover several methods –Precedence analysis –Gantt Charts –PERT / CPA On Arrow Networks Precedence Networks Also ….. –Microsoft Project will be covered in labs This is based on Gantt Charts and Precedence Networks

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Introduction 2 –Activity Planning will help to: ensure that the appropriate resources will be available precisely when required avoid different activities competing for the same resource at the same time produce a detailed schedule showing which staff carry out each activity Produce a detailed plan against which actual achievement may be measured produce a timed forecast re-plan the project during its life to correct drift from a target

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Precedence analysis Must be done before an activity plan can be produced Reviews the activities that are to be carried out Decides what activities must be carried out before particular activity can start

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Gantt Charts Developed by Henry Gantt, around 1917 Gantt charts are easy to use and produce They are very useful for use on less complex projects Commonly used due to there simplicity Gantt charts are easily understood and easy to read

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Gantt Charts

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Gantt Charts Draw the following Gantt chart TasksPrecedenceTime a-5 days b-4 days ca6 days db2 days eb5 days fc,d8 days

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Gantt Charts

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Network planning models PERT The Program Evaluation and Review Technique Developed by: –US Navy with –BOOZ-Allen Hamilton and –Lockheed Corporation for the –Polaris missile/submarine project in 1958

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Network planning models CPM Critical Path Method –Also know as CPA Critical Path Analysis Developed by –DuPont Inc in the –Late fifties early sixties to facilitate –building of complex process plant

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Network planning models PERT –developed for use on R&D projects CPM –developed for use in construction projects When developed the two techniques were very similar Now there is virtually no difference between the two

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Network planning models A simple on arrow network model Start End a b c d e f g h

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Terminology Activity –A specific task, uses resources takes time to complete Event –The result of completing an activity –Events use no resources –They are instances in time, points on the network, conditions of a system that can be recognised

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Terminology Network –The combination or all activities (often drawn as lines) and events (often drawn as nodes at the beginning and end of each line) defines the project and the activity precedence relationship. –Arrow heads placed on the lines indicate the direction of flow. Before and an event can be realised all the activities that immediately precede it must be completed

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Terminology Path –The series of connected activities (or intermediate events) between any two events in a network Critical –Activities, events, or paths, which, if delayed, will delay the completion of the project –A project’s critical path is understood to mean that sequence of critical activities (and critical events) that connect the project’s start event to its finish event

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Terminology On Arrow Network diagram showing critical path in red A=6 B=4 D=4 C=3 E=3 F=10 H=2 G=3

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Network syntax Time moves from left to right Nodes are numbered sequentially A network may not contain loops A network may not contain dangles Precedents are the immediate preceding activities Dummy activities can be used to indicate a particular precedence

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Network syntax Time moves from left to right Nodes are numbered sequentially 123 ab

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Network syntax A network may not contain loops This is not allowed a b c d

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Network syntax A network may not contain dangles This is not allowed a b c

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Network syntax Precedents are the immediate preceding activities 123 DesignBuild 4 Commission

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Network syntax Dummy activities can be used to indicate a particular precedence 123 Wrong Right a b c a b c

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 On Arrow Networks Draw the following as an on arrow network TasksPrecedenceTime a-5 days b-4 days ca6 days db2 days eb5 days fc,d8 days

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 On Arrow Networks How to start … start a b

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 On Arrow Networks What not to do start a b c d e

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 On Arrow Networks A better way …… start a b c d e

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 On Arrow Networks It is then less confusing that c & d go to the same event … but what about e & f ? start a b c d e f

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 On Arrow Networks The completed on arrow network … start a b 4 5 c d e f end

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 On Arrow Networks Another on arrow network to draw TasksPrecedenceTime a-6 weeks b-4 weeks ca3 weeks db4 weeks eb3 weeks f-10 weeks ge,f3 weeks hc,d2 weeks

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 On Arrow Networks The network with activity times added A=6 C=3 B=4D=4 F=10 E=3 G=3 H=2

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 On Arrow Networks Each event circle can contain the information below Event number Earliest date Latest date Slack Event

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Event numbers

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Timed activities A=6 B=4 D=4 C=3 E=3 F=10 H=2 G=3

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Forward pass A=6 B=4 D=4 C=3 E=3 F=10 H=2 G=

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Backward pass A=6 B=4 D=4 C=3 E=3 F=10 H=2 G=

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Event, Slack and Activity Float A=6 B=4 D=4 C=3 E=3 F=10 H=2 G=

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 The Complete On Arrow Network A=6 B=4 D=4 C=3 E=3 F=10 H=2 G=

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Precedence Networks Precedence network also known as Activity on Node Becoming more common as it is used by many project planning software packages Often preferred by project managers

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Precedence Networks Syntax the same as for On Arrow networks –Except there are no dummy activities Precedence networks must start with a start node and end with a end node

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Precedence Networks A simple precedence network Start End a b d c e f g h

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 This is the same network drawn as an On Arrow network Start End a b c d e f g h

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Precedence Networks A simple precedence network Start End a b d c e f g h

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Precedence Networks Draw the following as an Precedence network TasksPrecedenceTime a-5 days b-4 days ca6 days db2 days eb5 days fc,d8 days

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Precedence Networks The completed Precedence Network Start End a b d c e f

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 The same network drawn as an On Arrow Network start a b 4 5 c d e f end

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Precedence Networks The completed Precedence Network Start End a b d c e f

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Precedence Networks Another on precedence network to draw TasksPrecedenceTime a-6 weeks b-4 weeks ca3 weeks db4 weeks eb3 weeks f-10 weeks ge,f3 weeks hc,d2 weeks

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Precedence Networks The completed Precedence Network Start End a b d c e f h g

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 This is the same network drawn as an On Arrow network A=6 C=3 B=4D=4 F=10 E=3 G=3 H=2

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Precedence Networks The completed Precedence Network Start End a b d c e f h g

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Precedence Networks Adding more information to the node ESDEF LSF LF Earliest start Duration Earliest Finish Latest Start Latest Finish Float Description

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Precedence Networks Redraw the following with complete information in each node box TasksPrecedenceTime a-5 days b-4 days ca6 days db2 days eb5 days fc,d8 days

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Precedence Networks Redraw the following with complete information in each node box TasksPrecedenceTime a-6 weeks b-4 weeks ca3 weeks db4 weeks eb3 weeks f-10 weeks ge,f3 weeks hc,d2 weeks

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Conclusion Activity Planning –Precedence analysis –On Arrow networks –Precedence networks

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Exercise 1 TasksPrecedenceTime a-6 weeks b-4 weeks c-3 weeks da4 weeks eb3 weeks fb2 weeks gc3 weeks hd,e2 weeks if1 week jg,i2 weeks

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Exercise 2 TasksPrecedenceTime a-3 weeks b-5 weeks ca7 weeks db5 weeks ec, d6 weeks fb4 weeks gb8 weeks hc, d4 weeks ie, f3 weeks

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Exercise 3 TasksPrecedenceTime a-2 weeks b-4 weeks c-3 weeks da3 weeks ea5 weeks fc6 weeks gc4 weeks hd4 weeks id8 week jb, e, f, i2 weeks k-4 weeks lg, k3 weeks

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Exercise 4 TasksPrecedenceTime a-3 weeks ba5 weeks ca3 weeks dc1 weeks eb3 weeks fb, d4 weeks gc2 weeks hg, f3 weeks ie, h1 weeks

University of Sunderland CIFM02 Unit 2 Exercise 5 TasksPrecedenceTime a-3 weeks b-5 weeks ca14 weeks da5 weeks eb4 weeks fb7 weeks gd, e8 weeks hg, f5 weeks