Measurements & instrumentation

Aim: To provide adequate knowledge in electrical instruments and measurements techniques. Objectives: To make the student have a clear knowledge of the basic laws governing the operation of the instruments, relevant circuits and their working. Introduction to general instrument system, error, calibration etc. Emphasis is laid on analog and digital techniques used to measure voltage, current, energy and power etc. To have an adequate knowledge of comparison methods of measurement. Elaborate discussion about storage & display devices. Exposure to various transducers and data acquisition system.

UNIT I BASIC MEASUREMENT CONCEPTS  Measurement systems  Static and dynamic characteristics  Units and standards of measurements  Error analysis & problems  Moving coil, moving iron meters  Multimeters – True RMS meters  Bridge measurements  Maxwell Bridge  Hay Bridge  Schering Bridge  Anderson Bridge  Wien Bridge.

UNIT II BASIC ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS Electronic multimeters constuction & working Cathode ray oscilloscopes Block schematic – Applications Special oscilloscopes constuction & working Q meters constuction & working Vector meters constuction & working RF voltage constuction & working power measurements.

UNIT III SIGNAL GENERATORS AND ANALYZERS  Function generators  RF signal generators  Sweep generators  Frequency synthesizer  Wave analyzer  Harmonic distortion analyzer  Spectrum analyzer

UNIT IVDIGITAL INSTRUMENTS  Comparison of analog and digital techniques  Digital voltmeter  Multimeters  Frequency counters  Measurement of frequency  and time interval  Extension of frequency range  Measurement errors

UNIT V DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS AND FIBER OPTIC MEASUREMENTS oElements of a digital data acquisition system o Interfacing of transducers o Multiplexing o Computer controlled instrumentation oIEEE 488 bus o Fiber optic measurements for power and system loss oOptical time domains reflectometer.

ASSIGNMENT TOPICS 1.Moving coil, moving iron meters construction & working 2. Bridge measurements – Maxwell – Hay – Schering – Anderson and Wien Bridge. 3. Cathode ray oscilloscopes – Block schematic diagram 4. Frequency synthesizer – Wave analyzer – Harmonic distortion analyzer – Spectrum analyzer. 5. Multimeters –Frequency counters 6. Elements of a digital data acquisition system– IEEE 488 bus –Optical time domains reflectometer.

SEMINOR TOPICS  Multimeters construction  Moving coil meters construction  Moving iron meters construction  Frequency synthesizer construction & working  Harmonic distortion analyzer working  Multiplexing  Computer controlled instrumentation  IEEE 488 bus  Function generators construction & working  Sweep generators construction & working

TEXT BOOK Albert D. Helfrick, and William D. Cooper, “Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques”, PHI, REFERENCES 1. Joseph J. Carr, “Elements of Electronics Instrumentation and Measurement”, Pearson education, Alan. S. Morris, “Principles of Measurements and nstrumentation”, 2nd Edition, PHI, Ernest O. Doebelin, “Measurement Systems – Application and Design”, TMH, A.K.Shawney, “Electrical & Electronics Measurements & Instrumentation”, Dhanpat Rai Publications