Bellringer: Ionic Bonds 1.What is the daily learning target? 2.In an ionic bond, explain what happens to the electrons? 3.In your own words, explain how to name an ionic bond.

Homework Quiz On a scrap sheet: 1.Write the Lewis Diagrams for Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) 2.Draw an arrow showing the transfer of the electron when the two elements bond 3.Write the chemical formula for the bond 4.Write the name for the bond

PART II

Covalent Bonds

LET’S FIRST REVIEW IONIC BONDING

In an IONIC bond, electrons are lost or gained, resulting in the formation of IONS in ionic compounds. FK

FK

FK

FK

FK

FK

FK

FK + _

FK + _ The compound potassium fluoride consists of potassium (K + ) ions and fluoride (F - ) ions

FK + _ The ionic bond is the attraction between the positive K + ion and the negative F - ion

So what are covalent bonds?

In covalent bonding, atoms still want to achieve a noble gas configuration (the octet rule).

In covalent bonding, atoms still want to achieve a noble gas configuration (the octet rule). But rather than losing or gaining electrons, a nonmetal will now share one or more electrons with another nonmetal.

In covalent bonding, atoms still want to achieve a noble gas configuration (the octet rule). But rather than losing or gaining electrons, a nonmetal will now share one or more electrons with another nonmetal. The shared electron pair is called a bonding pair

Cl 2 Chlorine forms a covalent bond with itself

Cl How will two chlorine atoms react?

Cl Each chlorine atom wants to gain one electron to achieve an octet

Cl Neither atom will give up an electron – chlorine is highly electronegative. What’s the solution – what can they do to achieve an octet?

Cl

octet

Cl circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets octet

Cl circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets The octet is achieved by each atom sharing the electron pair in the middle

Cl circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets The octet is achieved by each atom sharing the electron pair in the middle

Cl circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets This is the bonding pair

Cl circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets It is a single bonding pair

Cl circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets It is called a SINGLE BOND

Cl circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets Single bonds are abbreviated with a dash

Cl circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets This is the chlorine molecule, Cl 2

O2O2 Oxygen is also one of the diatomic molecules

How will two oxygen atoms bond? OO

OO Each atom has two unpaired electrons

OO

OO

OO

OO

OO

OO

Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative. So both atoms want to gain two electrons. OO

Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative. So both atoms want to gain two electrons. OO

OO

OO

OO

OO

O O Both electron pairs are shared.

6 valence electrons plus 2 shared electrons = full octet O O

6 valence electrons plus 2 shared electrons = full octet O O

two bonding pairs, O O making a double bond

O O = For convenience, the double bond can be shown as two dashes. O O

O O = This is the oxygen molecule, O 2 this is so cool! !

1. In a covalent bond, A.Metals lose electrons and nonmetals gain electrons B.The electrons are all lost to metals. C.Nonmetals share electrons. D.Metals steal all the electrons from nonmetals. [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

2. In order to satisfy the octet rule, you must have how may electrons in the outer shell? A.8 B.2 C.72 D.18 [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

3. What kind of bond is formed when only two electrons are shared (hint: Cl 2 )? A.Double Bond B.Triple Bond C.James Bond D.Single Bond [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

4. What kind of bond is formed, when you have two bonding pairs of electrons (hint: O 2 )? A.Double Bond B.Triple Bond C.James Bond D.Single Bond [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

5. In an ionic bond, A.Electrons are shared by nonmetals. B.Electrons are lost or gained, resulting in the formation of ions in ionic compounds. C.Metals gain electrons from nonmetals. D.Nonmetals lose electrons to metals. [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

olar Molecules POLAR MOLECULES

Non-Polar