GLG310 Structural Geology. 21 December 2015GLG310 Structural Geology.

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Presentation transcript:

GLG310 Structural Geology

21 December 2015GLG310 Structural Geology

 d is differential stress -Engelder, 1993, Stress regimes in the lithosphere, Princeton Univ. Press

21 December 2015GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology Rheology: “science of deformation and flow of matter” or relationship between stress and strain

Idealized Elastic Material Linear relationship between force and extension (Hooke, 1676): Ut tensio sic uis As extension so the force Analogous to spring constant /rheology/hooke.htm

GLG310 Structural Geology

21 December 2015GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology E (young’s modulus) = d  a /d e a Units of stress -Pollard and Fletcher, 2005

21 December 2015GLG310 Structural Geology

21 December 2015GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology  a = f/A e a = (b-B)/B  p = 0 e p = (w-W)/W = - e p / e a (Poisson ratio) Measures compressibility Axial versus transverse deformation

Idealized Elastic Material

21 December 2015GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology Stiffness and strength “Lest there be any possible, probably, shadow of doubt, strength is not, repeat not, the same thing as stiffness. Stiffness, or Young’s modulus or E, is concerned with how stiff, flexible, springy or floppy a material is. Strength is the force or stress needed to break a thing. A biscuit is stiff but weak, steel is stiff and strong, nylon is flexible (low E and strong), raspberry jelly is flexible (low E) and weak. The two properties together describe a solid about as well as you can reasonably expect two figures to do.” (Gordon, New science of strong materials, 2006)

ology/inelastic.htm

Plasticity Steady deformation at yield strength

Plasticity Steady deformation at yield strength

21 December 2015GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology Viscosity Strain rate proportional to differential stress

21 December 2015GLG310 Structural Geology

21 December 2015GLG310 Structural Geology Variations in mechanical behavior

21 December 2015GLG310 Structural Geology Rock deformation experiments

21 December 2015GLG310 Structural Geology

21 December 2015GLG310 Structural Geology

Rocks can flow: salt ascends through overlying sediments because it is bouyant

21 December 2015GLG310 Structural Geology