History of the Modern World The Rise of Totalitarianism: Russia Mrs. McArthur Walsingham Academy Room 111 Mrs. McArthur Walsingham Academy Room 111

A Totalitarian State In the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin set up a totalitarian state. He took away all free market rights and made every enterprise and farm state owned. This gave workers little incentive to produce quality products or extra food and the country struggled to feed its people. 1 of 8 The Rise of Totalitarianism Section 4: The Soviet Union Under Stalin, pp Witness History Audio: The Heart of the Party Note Taking Transparency 169 Look at the posters, pp. 904 and title slide of this presentation. What image do they convey of Stalin? Along with the quote from Pravda, what was the official view of Stalin? What might the private views be? Progress Monitoring Transparency

Stalin’s Terror Tactics Stalin was ruthless against anyone perceived as being disloyal. He set up Gulags where people would be sent to work and he even took food away from farm families in what was called the Terror Famine. The country lost many of its best and brightest. 2 of 8 Section 4: The Soviet Union Under Stalin, pp Color Transparency 170: Gulag Prisoners, by Nikolai German Communist Attempts to Control Thought Stalin used propaganda to boost his popularity. Posters, loudspeaker announcements, and newspaper articles extolled Communism. Books, music, and other art forms that were critical of Stalin were censored. He also tried to replace religion with communist ideology. Witness History Audio: Anna Akhmatova 1.How long has her son been in prison?How long has her son been in prison? 2.What feelings does she describe in this poem?What feelings does she describe in this poem? 3.Based on clues in this passage, how effective was censorship in controlling writers?Based on clues in this passage, how effective was censorship in controlling writers?

3 of 8 Section 4: The Soviet Union Under Stalin Soviet Society Under Stalin There was still a class order under Communism, but this one put party members at the top. All others endured shortages of food and consumer goods, although they did get free education and health care, and women were treated as equals to men in the workplace. Soviet Foreign Policy The Soviets encouraged communist revolutions in other countries through an organization called Comintern. This organization supported revolutionary groups around the world and created a “Red Scare” in the United States. Looking Ahead Stalin succeeded in making his country a military superpower, but it was also home to people with a much lower standard of living than the rest of the developed world.

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Color Transparency 170: Gulag Prisoners, by Nikolai Getman 6 of 8 1.What was the Gulag? 2.What was its purpose(s)? 3.What is the artist trying to convey in this painting? Consider: What do the men’s faces tell the viewer? What does the piece of bread on the table stand for? How does the artist use color to make his point?

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Mussolini’s Rise to Power Italian nationalists, led by Benito Mussolini, felt betrayed by the government and the Allies from World War I. They revolted and became powerful through terror. These Fascists, as they were known, were finally handed the reins of government by the king in order to avoid a civil war. The Rise of Totalitarianism Section 3: Fascism in Italy, pp Witness History Audio: A New Leader: Mussolini According to this description, how did people react to Mussolini? Note Taking Transparency 168A Mussolini’s Rule Although Italy was officially a parliamentary monarchy, under Mussolini, it became a dictatorship. He used propaganda and terror to control the people. The Fascists wanted everyone to live and work only for the state.

Section 3: Fascism in Italy Color Transparency 170: The Triumph of Mussolini The Nature of Fascism Fascism glorified action, violence, discipline, and blind loyalty to the state. They pursued foreign expansion through warfare. They distrusted reason and used emotion to their advantage. The state was all. Note Taking Transparency 168B Looking Ahead Democracy, Communism, and Fascism competed for influence in postwar Europe. Fascism was on the fast track during the Great Depression. Progress Monitoring Transparency

Color Transparency 170: The Triumph of Musssolini Thirty centuries of history allow us to look with supreme pity on certain doctrines which are preached beyond the Alps by the descendants of those who were illiterate when Rome had Caesar, Virgil and Augustus.

Arthur Szyk’s The Four Horsemen Contrast the point of view of the cartoon below with the one to the left. Be sure to support you key point with analysis. Analyze the visual record

Asmara: A Museum of Art Deco/ Futurism

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Assignment 1 due 2/26 1.Answer questions beneath captions for section 4. 2.Complete map skills, pp Take Section Auto-test

Assignments 2-3: due 2/28 1.Read text, pp , identifying 5 new terms and answering 3 Checkpoint questions.

Assignment 4: due 2/22 1.Study PP slides 2.Read Infographic, pp and answer questions, Thinking Critically 3.Complete Note Taking Activity: What is Fascism, pp Take Section Auto-test.

Assignment 5: due 3/4 1.Read text, pp , identifying 5 new terms and answering 3 Checkpoint questions. 2.Take Section Auto-test Chapter 28 Test: Thurs., 3/7

Chapter Test Getting Ready Test Preparation - Chapter 28 –Use resources on pp –Reread lecture notes (3) –Prepare practice essay for Thurs. 3/6 Test: Thurs., March 7