Balancing Liberty & Order (1753-1820) U.S. History 101 Balancing Liberty & Order (1753-1820)

Election of 1796 Washington chose not to run for a 3rd term John Adams – Federalist Thomas Jefferson – Republican Adams 71 electoral votes Jefferson 68 electoral votes

John Adams’ Presidency XYZ Affair French agents demanded a bribe of $250,000 10 millions in loans Lead to an undeclared Naval War The Alien and Sedition Acts Pushed measures to increase the size of the military Higher Taxes Arrest and deport citizens of other countries From 5 years to 14 years to become a citizen “false, scandalous, and malicious” speech against the Government

Federalists vs. Jeffersonian Republicans Federalists (Hamilton) Jeffersonian Republicans Constitution Loose construction Strong central gov Favored national bank Strict construction Weak central gov Opposed national bank National Debt Use debt to establish credit Pay off debt Vision of America Pro-business Pro-agriculture Political Power With wealthy & educated With the common man Ally Britain France

Jefferson wins after 36 ballots in the House “as real a revolution in the principles of our government as that of 1776 was in its form” - Jefferson Nasty campaign Jefferson wins after 36 ballots in the House Importance: Peaceful transition of power Led to passage of 12th Amendment

Jefferson’s Presidency Reduced the amount of taxes paid to the Federal Government Cut the size of the federal bureaucracy Cut the size of the Army to 3000 men Judiciary Acts 1789 3 circuit courts and 13 district courts Judiciary Act 1801 Reduce the amount of Supreme Court Justices

Marbury v. Madison Adams filled judicial post with Federalist Adams appointed John Marshall as Chief Justice William Marbury justice of the peace for DC Jefferson tried to deny appointments from Adams Secretary of State James Madison never delivered the official papers giving Marbury his authority Marbury sued Madison Marshall declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional Established “Judicial Review”

Louisiana Purchase 1803

Land Act of 1800:. Americans were able to buy land in small Land Act of 1800: Americans were able to buy land in small parcels and on credit Napoleon: French controlled the Mississippi River Charged Americans to traders James Monroe: Sent to Paris to purchase New Orleans for up to $10 million Napoleon wanted to sell the Louisiana region for $15 million

Expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark There goal was to explore the new territory: Scientific and commercial Left from St. Louis Sacajawea: Shoshone Tribe and Interpreter Demonstrated the possibility of overland travel to the Pacific Coast Americans territory was destine to reach the West

Battle of Tippecanoe 11/7/1811 Tecumseh: Shawnee in the Indiana Territory U.S. Government convinced a small population of Natives to sell of parts of their land He protested to then Governor William Henry Harrison Tenskwatawa attacked Harrison’s militia and soldiers of 1000 men. Neither side won Destroyed Native relations

War of 1812 1812-1814; U.S. vs. Britain & natives Causes British support of Natives attacking U.S. Anger over impressments Embargo Act of 1807 – U.S. stops trading with all nations Economic recession in America; Depression in Britain Britain burns Washington, D.C. Hartford Convention (1814) – New England threatens to secede Treaty of Ghent (Dec. 1814) ends war. Old boundaries restored. Battle of New Orleans (Jan. 1815) U.S. defeats British Makes Andrew Jackson a national hero

Battle of Baltimore British bombardment of Fort McHenry Francis Scott Keys Star-Spangled Banner

By Gilbert Stuart

After the War Panic of 1819 – economic depression hits Missouri Compromise (1820)