Room 108, U.S. History 415 Seating Chart, Period 3 Teacher’s desk Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 Row 5 Cody Carpenter Matt Thompson Chris Correll Lauren Crossley Harrison Forrest Eliza Friel Landon Gero Morgan Kelly Burke Lawlor Cameron Chevrier Jack Murphy Caroline Rosack Lavinia Liu

Room 108, U.S. History 415 Seating Chart, Period 4 Teacher’s desk Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 Row 5 Bryce Behm Sydney Griffith Eddie Kinney Grace Klopp Chelsea Marcombe Peyton Marshall Tommy Menoni Saama Pandit Luke Pitchford Alisa Wash James West Marcus Yang Paul Zheng

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations (1776) Chapter 1 A New World “The two greatest and most important events in the history of mankind were the discovery of America and the Portuguese sea route around Africa to Asia.” Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations (1776) Examine wall map Emphasis mine An Inquiry into the Reasons and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. A.S.=The father of economics

CLASSWORK FOR WEDNESDAY AUGUST 26 1-PPT Ch. 1, A New World, The First Americans: The Settling of the Americas through Indians of Eastern North America, pp. 8-14. (15+m) 2-Writing assignment. (Email to me at jwilliams@walsingham.org, or hand in a written copy.)

II. The First Americans A. The Settling of America 1. The first Americans were bands of hunters and fishers who had migrated by land over the Bering Strait via a land bridge or by sea anywhere from 15,000 to 60,000 years ago, some reaching the southern tip of South America perhaps 11,000 years ago. 2. Others may have arrived by sea from Asia or the Pacific Islands. 3. About 14,000 years ago, at the end of the last Ice Age, the glaciers melted, and the land bridge became submerged, cutting off the Western Hemisphere from Asia. http://instaar.colorado.edu/groups/QGISL/bering_land_bridge/ Postglacial Flooding of the Bering Land Bridge: A Geospatial Animation http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071025160653.htm New Ideas About Human Migration From Asia To Americas-Science Daily article II. The First Americans A. The Settling of America Q1. From whom are modern-day Native Americans descended? (Answer, p.8, 3rd ed.)

Map 1.1 How the first Americans migrated into the Americas Early peoples migrated into North America from Siberia/Asia across the Bering land bridge and also by sea. Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company Map 1.1 How the first Americans migrated into the Americas

II. The First Americans B. Indian Societies of the Americas 1. The diverse Indian societies of the Americas first encountered by the Europeans included civilizations with populations of several millions of people, large cities, road and irrigation systems, trade networks, and impressive architectural achievements. 2. With a population of close to 250,000, Tenochtitlan was the capital of the Aztec empire (in present-day Mexico) and was one of the largest cities in the world, with a temple, royal palace, central market. Described by a Spanish conquistador as “an enchanted vision.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIWrrLq65s8 Tenochtitlan (3m) http://www.eduplace.com/ss/hmss/7/unit/act7.1blm.html (Hernan Cortes’s account of Tenochtitlan) Q. 2-Describe Tenochtitlan. (pp. 9-10, 3rd ed.)

Q 2. Describe Tenochtitlan. (pp Q 2. Describe Tenochtitlan. (pp. 9-10, 3rd ed) What does this drawing by a conquistador show? Canals, bridges. Site of present-day Mexico City. Present-day cathedral on site of Aztec temple destroyed by the Spanish. Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company

II. The First Americans C. Mound Builders of the Mississippi Valley 1. Built approximately 3,500 years ago along the Mississippi River in modern-day Louisiana, a community known today as Poverty Point was a trading center for the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKESlSrSz34 American Indian Achievement: Poverty Point Culture (6m) 2. Near present-day St. Louis, the city known as Cahokia, which flourished with a population of 10,000-30,000 around 1200 C.E. featured large human-built mounds. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pAo01yoPjs Cahokia Mounds. The Wonder of Illinois. (1m)

II. The First Americans D. Western Indians 1. Hopi and Zuni Indians settled around present-day Arizona and New Mexico, built large planned towns with multiple-family dwellings, and traded with peoples as far away as Mississippi and Central Mexico. 2. Indians in the Pacific Northwest lived primarily by fishing and gathering, whereas on the Great Plains, the Indians hunted buffalo or lived in agricultural communities --For over 3,000 years, in what is now northeastern Arizona, the Hopi and Zuni and their ancestors lived in settled villages with irrigation, dam, and canal systems and engaged in long-distance trade. (Spanish called the Pueblo Indians. ) --The Pacific Coast was also densely populated by hundreds of independent groups of natives who lived primarily by fishing and gathering food, and on -- the Great Plains many Indians hunted the buffalo herds, while others lived in agricultural villages.

A modern aerial view of the ruins of Pueblo Bonita Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Rectangular structures are the foundations of dwellings; circular ones are kivas, or places of religious worship.

Cliff dwellings Canon de Chelly, AZ, built between 300 and 1300. Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company

II. The First Americans E. Indians of Eastern North America 1. Indian tribes living in the eastern part of North America sustained themselves with a diet of corn, squash, and beans and supplemented it by fishing and hunting. 2. Tribes frequently warred with one another; however, there were also many loose alliances. 3. Indians saw themselves as one group among many; the sheer diversity seen by Europeans upon their arrival astonished them.

Q3. In what ways were Indian societies diverse Q3. In what ways were Indian societies diverse? When Europeans arrived, native peoples were tremendously diverse and differentiated by 1-language, 2-custom, 3- political system, and 4-religious belief, and they did not consider themselves a single unified people with a common cultural or racial identity. No such thing as a PAN-INDIAN IDENTITY

Classwork writing assignment for Wednesday August 26 Classwork writing assignment for Wednesday August 26. To be completed by the end of class. Email to me at jwilliams@walsingham.org, or hand in a written copy. -As Europeans ventured across the Atlantic, they began to document the unique cultures and lifestyles of the native peoples. John White, an Englishman, first came to the New World in 1585, and created drawings of Indians, one which was “Indian Village of Secotan.” Study the drawings on pp. 4-5, 12, 16 of your textbook (3rd ed.) and, in a well-constructed paragraph, answer the following question about one of the images: “What do John White’s drawings tell us about the Eastern Woodland Secotan tribe?” Before you begin to write, check out this link to the “Curator Online” site at the British Museum in London.http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=753503&partId=1 Describe village: dwellings, activities, agriculture, gender roles, religious ritual.

A drawing by the artist John White John White drawing of a Native religious ceremony—Secotan Indian village, Outer Banks, North Carolina. White was a careful observer of their clothing, body markings, and objects used in the ceremony. White spent a year on the Outer Banks of North Carolina in 1585-1586 as part of an expedition sponsored by Sir Walter Raleigh, an English nobleman, explorer, and favorite of Queen Elizabeth 1. Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company A drawing by the artist John White

1585, Secotan-John White drawing. Indians fishing/weirs 1585, Secotan-John White drawing. Indians fishing/weirs. Smoking fish in the canoe. The canoe is filled with fish, while two men harpoon others in the background. Among the wildlife illustrated are hammerhead sharks and catfish. Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company Indians fishing

The Village of Secoton, by John White Writing assignment. John White drawing of Eastern Woodland Indians—Outer Banks, North Carolina. 1585 The central street links houses surrounded by fields of corn. Dancing Indians take part in a religious ceremony. Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company The Village of Secoton, by John White

HOMEWORK DUE THURSDAY AUGUST 27 Reading, Research, and writing assignment on Chapter 1, A New World, The Expansion of Europe through the Demographic Disaster, pp. 20-27 Answer the following questions in preparation for tomorrow’s classwork. Cite the subject heading and page number. Write legibly in complete sentences. What motivated the Portuguese to begin exploration of a water route to India, China, and the East Indies? 2. What was the Columbian Exchange? 3. Why did Indian populations suffer a catastrophic decline after the arrival of Europeans?